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The quest for ever higher information capacities has brought about a renaissance in multimode optical waveguide systems. This resurgence of interest has recently initiated a flurry of activities in nonlinear multimode fiber optics. The…

Optics · Physics 2019-12-19 Fan O. Wu , Absar U. Hassan , Demetrios N. Christodoulides

A new thermodynamic theory for optical multimode systems is proposed. Theory is based on a weighted Bose-Einstein law, and includes the state equation, the fundamental equation for the entropy and a metric to measure the accuracy of the…

Optics · Physics 2024-04-02 Mario Zitelli

Optical thermodynamics offers a distinctive framework for understanding complex phenomena in multimode systems, yet standard ideal-gas-like formulation neglects the effect of nonlinear interaction on thermodynamic quantities, significantly…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-10 Meng Lian , Zhongfei Xiong , Yuntian Chen , Jing-Tao Lü

Optical forces are known to arise in a universal fashion in many and diverse physical settings. As such, they are successfully employed over a wide range of applications in areas like biophotonics, optomechanics and integrated optics. While…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-15 Nikolaos K. Efremidis , Demetrios N. Christodoulides

Optical thermodynamics has recently emerged as a theoretical framework describing a Rayleigh-Jeans (RJ) modal power distribution of multimoded nonlinear photonic circuits. However, its applicability is constrained to systems exhibiting weak…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2026-03-31 Emily Kabat , Shrohan Mohapatra , P. G. Kevrekidis , Tsampikos Kottos

Optical pulses propagating in multimode optical fibers are affected by linear disorder and nonlinearity, and experience chaotic exchange of power among modes. On the other hand, complex systems can attain steady states characterized by…

Optics · Physics 2023-06-29 Mario Zitelli , Fabio Mangini , Stefan Wabnitz

The evolution of modal crosstalk in multimode fibers is investigated using four different experimental and numerical approaches. Results converge to demonstrate that the fiber disorder alone is capable of generating steady states…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Mario Zitelli

Recent experimental developments in multimode nonlinear photonic circuits (MMNPC), have motivated the development of an optical thermodynamic theory that describes the equilibrium properties of an initial beam excitation. However, a…

In recent years, a self-consistent optical thermodynamic framework has emerged that offers a systematic methodology to understand, harness and exploit the complex collective dynamics of multimode nonlinear systems. These developments now…

The study of non-equilibrium physics from the perspective of the quantum limits of thermodynamics and fluctuation relations can be experimentally addressed with linear optical systems. We discuss recent experimental investigations in this…

The theory of optical thermodynamics provides a comprehensive framework that enables a self-consistent description of the intricate dynamics of nonlinear multimoded photonic systems. This theory, among others, predicts a pressure-like…

Understanding and exploiting the dynamics of complex nonlinear systems is nowadays at the core of a broad range of scientific and technological endeavors. Within the optical domain, light evolution in a nonlinear multimode environment…

We consider continuously monitored quantum systems and introduce definitions of work and heat along individual quantum trajectories that are valid for coherent superpositions of energy eigenstates. We use these quantities to extend the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Jose Joaquin Alonso , Eric Lutz , Alessandro Romito

We show that, in general, any complex weakly nonlinear highly multimode system can reach thermodynamic equilibrium that is characterized by a unique temperature and chemical potential. The conditions leading to either positive or negative…

The coupled-mode theory is developed for description of the nonlinear wave dynamics in binary optical lattices. The obtained equations of motion accurately describe nonlinear wave dynamics close to the band edges and in the gap of the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-11-20 Lasha Tkeshelashvili

Statistical mechanics can provide a versatile theoretical framework for investigating the collective dynamics of weakly nonlinear waves-settings that can be utterly complex to describe otherwise. In optics, composite systems arise due to…

Optics · Physics 2024-04-04 Nikolaos K. Efremidis , Demetrios N. Christodoulides

The coupling of two-level quantum systems to the thermal environment is a fundamental problem, with applications ranging from qubit state preparation to spin models. However, for the elementary problem of the thermodynamics of an ensemble…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-10-29 Christian Kurtscheid , Andreas Redmann , Frank Vewinger , Julian Schmitt , Martin Weitz

Nonlinear highly multimode photonic systems are ubiquitous in optics. Yet, the sheer complexity arising from the action of nonlinearity in multimode environments has posed theoretical challenges in describing these systems. In this work, we…

A general formulation of stochastic thermodynamics is presented for open systems exchanging energy and particles with multiple reservoirs. By introducing a partition in terms of "macrostates" (e.g. sets of "microstates"), the consequence on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-03 Massimiliano Esposito

A unified view on macroscopic thermodynamics and quantum transport is presented. Thermodynamic processes with an exchange of energy between two systems necessarily involve the flow of other balanceable quantities. These flows are first…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-10-02 C. Strunk
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