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In-cache computing technology transforms existing caches into long-vector compute units and offers low-cost alternatives to building expensive vector engines for mobile CPUs. Unfortunately, existing long-vector Instruction Set Architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Alireza Khadem , Daichi Fujiki , Hilbert Chen , Yufeng Gu , Nishil Talati , Scott Mahlke , Reetuparna Das

Accelerators for sparse matrix multiplication are important components in emerging systems. In this paper, we study the main challenges of accelerating Sparse Matrix Multiplication (SpMM). For the situations that data is not stored in the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Pareesa Ameneh Golnari , Sharad Malik

High Bandwidth Memory with Processing-in-Memory (HBM-PIM) offers an opportunity to reduce data movement by executing computation directly inside memory, but current commercial platforms expose limited instruction sets and require…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Emanuele Venieri , Simone Manoni , Alberto Florian , Jaehyun Park , Kyomin Sohn , Andrea Bartolini

The fast proliferation of extreme-edge applications using Deep Learning (DL) based algorithms required dedicated hardware to satisfy extreme-edge applications' latency, throughput, and precision requirements. While inference is achievable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yvan Tortorella , Luca Bertaccini , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini , Francesco Conti

Sparse linear algebra is crucial in many application domains, but challenging to handle efficiently in both software and hardware, with one- and two-sided operand sparsity handled with distinct approaches. In this work, we enhance an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Paul Scheffler , Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Torsten Hoefler , Luca Benini

This work presents a practical benchmarking framework for optimizing artificial intelligence (AI) models on ARM Cortex processors (M0+, M4, M7), focusing on energy efficiency, accuracy, and resource utilization in embedded systems. Through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Pranay Jain , Maximilian Kasper , Göran Köber , Oliver Amft , Axel Plinge , Dominik Seuß

High-end ARM processors are emerging in data centers and HPC systems, posing as a strong contender to x86 machines. Memory-centric profiling is an important approach for dissecting an application's bottlenecks on memory access and guiding…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Samuel Miksits , Ruimin Shi , Maya Gokhale , Jacob Wahlgren , Gabin Schieffer , Ivy Peng

Neural network (NN) accelerators with multi-chip-module (MCM) architectures enable integration of massive computation capability; however, they face challenges of computing resource underutilization and off-chip communication overheads.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zongle Huang , Hongyang Jia , Kaiwei Zou , Yongpan Liu

Matrix multiplication is the bedrock in Deep Learning inference application. When it comes to hardware acceleration on edge computing devices, matrix multiplication often takes up a great majority of the time. To achieve better performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Yuyang Zhang , Dik Hin Leung , Min Guo , Yijia Xiao , Haoyue Liu , Yunfei Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Guan Wang , Zhen Chen

There is a growing interest in custom spatial accelerators for machine learning applications. These accelerators employ a spatial array of processing elements (PEs) interacting via custom buffer hierarchies and networks-on-chip. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Gordon E. Moon , Hyoukjun Kwon , Geonhwa Jeong , Prasanth Chatarasi , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam , Tushar Krishna

Achieving high efficiency with numerical kernels for sparse matrices is of utmost importance, since they are part of many simulation codes and tend to use most of the available compute time and resources. In addition, especially in large…

Performance · Computer Science 2013-05-07 Tobias Scharpff , Klaus Iglberger , Georg Hager , Ulrich Ruede

General matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a cornerstone of AI computations, making tensor processing engines (TPEs) increasingly critical in GPUs and domain-specific architectures. Existing architectures primarily optimize dataflow or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Qizhe Wu , Huawen Liang , Yuchen Gui , Zhichen Zeng , Zerong He , Linfeng Tao , Xiaotian Wang , Letian Zhao , Zhaoxi Zeng , Wei Yuan , Wei Wu , Xi Jin

Massive MIMO is a cornerstone of next-generation wireless communication, offering significant gains in capacity, reliability, and energy efficiency. However, to meet emerging demands such as high-frequency operation, wide bandwidths,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Ali Rasteh , Andrew Hennessee , Ishaan Shivhare , Siddharth Garg , Sundeep Rangan , Brandon Reagen

Developing kernels for Processing-In-Memory (PIM) platforms poses unique challenges in data management and parallel programming on limited processing units. Although software development kits (SDKs) for PIM, such as the UPMEM SDK, provide…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Krystian Chmielewski , Jarosław Ławnicki , Uladzislau Lukyanau , Tadeusz Kobus , Maciej Maciejewski

In recent years, novel AI accelerators have emerged as promising alternatives to GPU for AI model training and inference tasks. One such accelerator, the Cerebras CS-3, achieves strong performance on large model training as well as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Milan Shah , Sheng Di , Michela Becchi

Neural-network (NN) inference is increasingly present on-board spacecraft to reduce downlink bandwidth and enable timely decision making. However, the power and reliability constraints of space missions limit the applicability of many…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Pedro Antunes , Artur Podobas

The growing demand for efficient, high-performance processing in machine learning (ML) and image processing has made hardware accelerators, such as GPUs and Data Streaming Accelerators (DSAs), increasingly essential. These accelerators…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Qunyou Liu , Marina Zapater , David Atienza

Recent advancements in quantization and mixed-precision approaches offers substantial opportunities to improve the speed and energy efficiency of Neural Networks (NN). Research has shown that individual parameters with varying low…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

We present shared-memory parallel methods for Maximal Clique Enumeration (MCE) from a graph. MCE is a fundamental and well-studied graph analytics task, and is a widely used primitive for identifying dense structures in a graph. Due to its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Apurba Das , Seyed-Vahid Sanei-Mehri , Srikanta Tirthapura

In this work we have enhanced gem5's GPU model support to add Matrix Core Engines (MCEs). Specifically, on the AMD MI200 and MI300 GPUs that gem5 supports, these MCEs perform Matrix Fused Multiply Add (MFMA) instructions for a variety of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Marco Kurzynski , Matthew D. Sinclair