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Temporal graphs are a special class of graphs for which a temporal component is added to edges, that is, each edge possesses a set of times at which it is available and can be traversed. Many classical problems on graphs can be translated…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Lapo Cioni , Riccardo Dondi , Andrea Marino , Jason Schoeters , Ana Silva

While a natural fit for modeling and understanding mobile networks, time-varying graphs remain poorly understood. Indeed, many of the usual concepts of static graphs have no obvious counterpart in time-varying ones. In this paper, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-08-01 John Whitbeck , Marcelo Dias de Amorim , Vania Conan , Jean-Loup Guillaume

We present two algorithms for dynamically maintaining a spanning forest of a graph undergoing edge insertions and deletions. Our algorithms guarantee {\em worst-case update time} and work against an adaptive adversary, meaning that an edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Danupon Nanongkai , Thatchaphol Saranurak

Logistics and transportation networks require a large amount of resources to realize necessary connections between locations and minimizing these resources is a vital aspect of planning research. Since such networks have dynamic connections…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Argyrios Deligkas , Michelle Döring , Eduard Eiben , Tiger-Lily Goldsmith , George Skretas , Georg Tennigkeit

A temporal graph is a graph in which vertices communicate with each other at specific time, e.g., $A$ calls $B$ at 11 a.m. and talks for 7 minutes, which is modeled by an edge from $A$ to $B$ with starting time "11 a.m." and duration "7…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Huanhuan Wu , Yuzhen Huang , James Cheng , Jinfeng Li , Yiping Ke

A temporal graph is a graph in which the edge set can change from one time step to the next. The temporal graph exploration problem TEXP is the problem of computing a foremost exploration schedule for a temporal graph, i.e., a temporal walk…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Thomas Erlebach , Michael Hoffmann , Frank Kammer

Temporal graphs (in which edges are active at specified times) are of particular relevance for spreading processes on graphs, e.g.~the spread of disease or dissemination of information. Motivated by real-world applications, modification of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Jessica Enright , Kitty Meeks , Fiona Skerman

Many real world networks are considered temporal networks, in which the chronological ordering of the edges has importance to the meaning of the data. Performing temporal subgraph matching on such graphs requires the edges in the subgraphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Patrick Mackey , Katherine Porterfield , Erin Fitzhenry , Sutanay Choudhury , George Chin

In this work we consider \emph{temporal networks}, i.e. networks defined by a \emph{labeling} $\lambda$ assigning to each edge of an \emph{underlying graph} $G$ a set of \emph{discrete} time-labels. The labels of an edge, which are natural…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-02 George B. Mertzios , Othon Michail , Paul G. Spirakis

We examine the problem of maximizing the reachability of a given source in temporal graphs that are given as the union of k temporal paths, i.e., every given path is a sequence of edges with strictly increasing labels that denote…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Argyrios Deligkas , Michelle Döring , Eduard Eiben , George Skretas , Georg Tennigkeit

Connectivity in temporal graphs relies on the notion of temporal paths, in which edges follow a chronological order (either strict or non-strict). In this work, we investigate the question of how to make a temporal graph connected. More…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-02-21 T. Bellitto , J. Bouton Popper , B. Escoffier

Dynamic tree data structures maintain a forest while supporting insertion and deletion of edges and a broad set of queries in $O(\log n)$ time per operation. Such data structures are at the core of many modern algorithms. Recent work has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Humza Ikram , Andrew Brady , Daniel Anderson , Guy Blelloch

We give a Las Vegas data structure which maintains a minimum spanning forest in an n-vertex edge-weighted dynamic graph undergoing updates consisting of any mixture of edge insertions and deletions. Each update is supported in O(n^{1/2 -…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Christian Wulff-Nilsen

In a temporal network with discrete time-labels on its edges, entities and information can only ``flow'' along sequences of edges whose time-labels are non-decreasing (resp. increasing), i.e. along temporal (resp. strict temporal) paths.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-29 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Malte Renken , Paul G. Spirakis , Philipp Zschoche

A graph is temporally connected if there exists a strict temporal path, i.e. a path whose edges have strictly increasing labels, from every vertex $u$ to every other vertex $v$. In this paper we study temporal design problems for undirected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Nina Klobas , George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Paul G. Spirakis

We study spreading processes in temporal graphs, i. e., graphs whose connections change over time. These processes naturally model real-world phenomena such as infectious diseases or information flows. More precisely, we investigate how…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Hendrik Molter , Malte Renken , Philipp Zschoche

Computing a (short) path between two vertices is one of the most fundamental primitives in graph algorithmics. In recent years, the study of paths in temporal graphs, that is, graphs where the vertex set is fixed but the edge set changes…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Arnaud Casteigts , Anne-Sophie Himmel , Hendrik Molter , Philipp Zschoche

A temporal graph is a data structure, consisting of nodes and edges in which the edges are associated with time labels. To analyze the temporal graph, the first step is to find a proper graph dataset/benchmark. While many temporal graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Wouter Ligtenberg , Yulong Pei

Evolving trees arise in many real-life scenarios from computer file systems and dynamic call graphs, to fake news propagation and disease spread. Most layout algorithms for static trees do not work well in an evolving setting (e.g., they…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Kathryn Gray , Mingwei Li , Reyan Ahmed , Stephen Kobourov

Temporal graphs are graphs whose edges are only present at certain points in time. Reachability in these graphs relies on temporal paths, where edges are traversed chronologically. A temporal graph that offers all-pairs reachability is said…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Arnaud Casteigts , Christian Komusiewicz , Nils Morawietz