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The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational method for noisy, intermediate-scale quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Quantifying performance bounds with respect to specific problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Phillip C. Lotshaw , Travis S. Humble , Rebekah Herrman , James Ostrowski , George Siopsis

QAOA is a quantum algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. It is capable of searching for the minimizing solution vector $x$ of a QUBO problem $x^TQx$. The number of two-qubit CNOT gates in the QAOA circuit scales linearly…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) can require considerable processing time for developers to test and debug their codes on expensive quantum devices. One avenue to circumvent this difficulty is to use the error maps of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Wilson R. M. Rabelo , Sandra D. Prado , Leonardo G. Brunnet

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising quantum algorithms for the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Quantifying the performance of QAOA in the near-term regime is of utmost importance. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Yuri Alexeev

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is expected to offer advantages over classical approaches when solving combinatorial optimization problems in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In its standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Arkadiusz Wołk , Karol Capała , Katarzyna Rycerz

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) generates an approximate solution to combinatorial optimization problems using a variational ansatz circuit defined by parameterized layers of quantum evolution. In theory, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-24 Rebekah Herrman , Phillip C. Lotshaw , James Ostrowski , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis

Noise on near-term quantum devices will inevitably limit the performance of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). One significant consequence is that the performance of QAOA may fail to monotonically improve with depth. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-12 Yu Pan , Yifan Tong , Shibei Xue , Guofeng Zhang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is among leading candidates for achieving quantum advantage on near-term processors. While typically implemented with a transverse-field mixer (XM-QAOA), the Grover-mixer variant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Elizaveta V. Krendeleva , Aleksey K. Fedorov

While a Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is intended to provide a quantum advantage in finding approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems, noise in the system is a hurdle in exploiting its full potential.…

Quantum computing has the potential to improve our ability to solve certain optimization problems that are computationally difficult for classical computers, by offering new algorithmic approaches that may provide speedups under specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Ilya Tyagin , Marwa H. Farag , Kyle Sherbert , Karunya Shirali , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading iterative variational quantum algorithm for heuristically solving combinatorial optimization problems. A large portion of the computational effort in QAOA is spent by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Ohad Amosy , Tamuz Danzig , Ely Porat , Gal Chechik , Adi Makmal

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. While they have demonstrated considerable promise in solving problems of practical interest, efficiently determining the minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Daniil Rabinovich , Andrey Kardashin , Soumik Adhikary

Efficient preparation of arbitrary entangled quantum states is crucial for quantum computation. This is particularly important for noisy intermediate scale quantum simulators relying on variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Ananda Roy , Sameer Erramilli , Robert M. Konik

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is studied primarily to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. For a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, a depth $p$ QAOA for the Max-cut problem requires…

This paper introduces a novel approach to the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), specifically tailored to the knapsack problem. We combine the recently proposed quantum tree generator as an efficient state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Paul Christiansen , Lennart Binkowski , Debora Ramacciotti , Sören Wilkening

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is known for its capability and universality in solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. The results yielded by QAOA depend strongly on its initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Xinwei Lee , Ningyi Xie , Yoshiyuki Saito , Dongsheng Cai , Nobuyoshi Asai

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm aiming to produce approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. In the QAOA, the quantum part prepares a quantum parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Ningyi Xie , Xinwei Lee , Dongsheng Cai , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai

We propose a machine learning based approach to accelerate quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) implementation which is a promising quantum-classical hybrid algorithm to prove the so-called quantum supremacy. In QAOA, a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

Variational quantum algorithms are the centerpiece of modern quantum programming. These algorithms involve training parameterized quantum circuits using a classical co-processor, an approach adapted partly from classical machine learning.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 V. Akshay , H. Philathong , E. Campos , D. Rabinovich , I. Zacharov , Xiao-Ming Zhang , J. Biamonte

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable potential in solving NP-hard combinatorial problems in the contemporary near intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Boy Choy , David J. Wales