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In this study, we evaluate a locally-deployed large-language model (LLM) to convert unstructured endometriosis transvaginal ultrasound (eTVUS) scan reports into structured data for imaging informatics workflows. Across 49 eTVUS reports, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haiyi Li , Yutong Li , Yiheng Chi , Alison Deslandes , Mathew Leonardi , Shay Freger , Yuan Zhang , Jodie Avery , M. Louise Hull , Hsiang-Ting Chen

Incidental findings in CT scans, though often benign, can have significant clinical implications and should be reported following established guidelines. Traditional manual inspection by radiologists is time-consuming and variable. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Idan Tankel , Nir Mazor , Rafi Brada , Christina LeBedis , Guy ben-Yosef

Large Language Models, particularly decoder-only generative models such as GPT, are increasingly used to automate Software Engineering tasks. These models are primarily guided through natural language prompts, making prompt engineering a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander Korn , Lea Zaruchas , Chetan Arora , Andreas Metzger , Sven Smolka , Fanyu Wang , Andreas Vogelsang

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming attractive as few-shot reasoners to solve Natural Language (NL)-related tasks. However, the understanding of their capability to process structured data like tables remains an under-explored area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yuan Sui , Mengyu Zhou , Mingjie Zhou , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate structured outputs that follow arbitrary schemas is crucial to a wide range of downstream tasks that require diverse structured representations of results such as information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 James Y. Huang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Qin Liu , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Medical question-answering (QA) is a critical task for evaluating how effectively large language models (LLMs) encode clinical knowledge and assessing their potential applications in medicine. Despite showing promise on multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Guangfu Guo , Kai Zhang , Bryan Hoo , Yujun Cai , Xiaoqian Lu , Nanyun Peng , Yiwei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks and beyond. This success of LLMs has led to a large influx of research contributions in this direction. These works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Humza Naveed , Asad Ullah Khan , Shi Qiu , Muhammad Saqib , Saeed Anwar , Muhammad Usman , Naveed Akhtar , Nick Barnes , Ajmal Mian

A decade of rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new opportunities for clinical decision support systems (CDSS), with large language models (LLMs) demonstrating strong reasoning abilities on timely medical tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Heejoon Koo

Background: Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer potential benefits in healthcare, particularly in processing extensive patient records. However, existing benchmarks do not fully assess LLMs' capability in handling…

Graph model generation from natural language description is an important task with many applications in software engineering. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there is a growing interest in using LLMs for graph model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Boqi Chen , Ou Wei , Bingzhou Zheng , Gunter Mussbacher

Evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) models for low-dose CT lung cancer screening is limited by heterogeneous datasets, annotation standards, and evaluation protocols, making performance difficult to compare and translate across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Fakrul Islam Tushar , Avivah Wang , Lavsen Dahal , Ehsan Samei , Michael R. Harowicz , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer , Kyle J. Lafata , Tina D. Tailor , Cynthia Rudin , Joseph Y. Lo

This paper presents a method for the automated collection and aggregation of unstructured data from diverse web sources, utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs). The primary challenge with existing techniques is their instability when the…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Vsevolod Lazebnyi , Natalia Tereshkina , Maria Shabarina , Dmitriy Fedorov

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to extract clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs), offering significant improvements in scalability and efficiency for real-world data (RWD) curation in oncology. However, the…

Lung cancer has been one of the major threats to human life for decades. Computer-aided diagnosis can help with early lung nodul detection and facilitate subsequent nodule characterization. Large Visual Language models (VLMs) have been…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-04 Furqan Shaukat , Syed Muhammad Anwar , Abhijeet Parida , Van Khanh Lam , Marius George Linguraru , Mubarak Shah

We investigate the effectiveness of fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on small medical datasets for text classification and named entity recognition tasks. Using a German cardiology report dataset and the i2b2 Smoking Challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Noah Losch , Lucas Plagwitz , Antonius Büscher , Julian Varghese

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on general-purpose tasks, yet adapting them to specific domains remains challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality domain data. Existing data synthesis tools often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ziyang Miao , Qiyu Sun , Jingyuan Wang , Yuchen Gong , Yaowei Zheng , Shiqi Li , Richong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly mediate access to scholarly information, yet their outputs are typically evaluated at the level of individual statements rather than knowledge structure. This paper introduces structural…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Moses Boudourides

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in the healthcare sector, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, their proficiency in numerical reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Arjun R. Malghan

Large language models (LLMs) are widely explored for reasoning-intensive research tasks, yet resources for testing whether they can infer scientific conclusions from structured biomedical evidence remain limited. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Weiyue Li , Ruizhi Qian , Yi Li , Yongce Li , Yunfan Long , Jiahui Cai , Yan Luo , Mengyu Wang

Modern computing systems, such as HDFS and Spark, produce vast quantities of logs that developers use for tasks like anomaly detection and error analysis. To simplify log analysis, template generation methods have been proposed to…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Fei Teng , Haoyang Li , Lei Chen
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