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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) fine-tuned with multimodal instruction datasets have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks. However, fine-tuning all parameters of MLLMs has become challenging as they usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xiongtao Zhou , Jie He , Yuhua Ke , Guangyao Zhu , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

This study compared the classification performance of Gemini Pro and GPT-4V in educational settings. Employing visual question answering (VQA) techniques, the study examined both models' abilities to read text-based rubrics and then…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Gyeong-Geon Lee , Ehsan Latif , Lehong Shi , Xiaoming Zhai

As reasoning models scale rapidly, the essential role of multimodality in human cognition has come into sharp relief, driving a growing need to probe vision-centric cognitive behaviors. Yet, existing multimodal benchmarks either…

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

In the realm of large language models (LLMs), enhancing instruction-following capability often involves curating expansive training data. This is achieved through two primary schemes: i) Scaling-Inputs: Amplifying (input, output) pairs per…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Renze Lou , Kai Zhang , Jian Xie , Yuxuan Sun , Janice Ahn , Hanzi Xu , Yu Su , Wenpeng Yin

Recent multimodal image generators such as GPT-4o, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Gemini 2.5 Pro excel at following complex instructions, editing images and maintaining concept consistency. However, they are still evaluated by disjoint toolkits:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hang Hua , Ziyun Zeng , Yizhi Song , Yunlong Tang , Liu He , Daniel Aliaga , Wei Xiong , Jiebo Luo

Function calling is a core capability of large language models, essential for AI agents. Existing benchmarks such as the Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard (BFCL), tau^2-Bench (arXiv:2506.07982), and ACEBench (arXiv:2501.12851) evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Nikolai Skripko

Instruction tuning -- supervised fine-tuning using instruction-response pairs -- is a key step in making pre-trained large language models (LLMs) instructable. Meanwhile, LLMs perform multitask learning during their pre-training, acquiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Seokhyun An , Minji Kim , Hyounghun Kim

Reliably ensuring Large Language Models (LLMs) follow complex instructions is a critical challenge, as existing benchmarks often fail to reflect real-world use or isolate compliance from task success. We introduce MOSAIC (MOdular Synthetic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Alberto Purpura , Li Wang , Sahil Badyal , Eugenio Beaufrand , Adam Faulkner

Recent advances in audio-text large language models (LLMs) have opened new possibilities for music understanding and generation. However, existing benchmarks are limited in scope, often relying on simplified tasks or multi-choice…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Yinghao Ma , Siyou Li , Juntao Yu , Emmanouil Benetos , Akira Maezawa

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown great results in single-image vision language tasks. However, their abilities to solve multi-image visual language tasks is yet to be improved. The existing LMMs like OpenFlamingo, Emu2, and Idefics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Dongfu Jiang , Xuan He , Huaye Zeng , Cong Wei , Max Ku , Qian Liu , Wenhu Chen

Instruction tuning improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), with data quality and scalability being the crucial factors. Most instruction tuning data come from human crowd-sourcing or GPT-4 distillation. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xiang Yue , Tuney Zheng , Ge Zhang , Wenhu Chen

The rapid development of artificial intelligence and robotics has had a significant impact on our lives, with intelligent systems increasingly performing tasks traditionally performed by humans. Efficient knowledge transfer requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Phillip Richter , Heiko Wersing , Anna-Lisa Vollmer

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown remarkable performance in the visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task, which aims to answer a multiple-choice question based on visual commonsense within an image. However, the ability of LMMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Jiali Chen , Xusen Hei , Yuqi Xue , Yuancheng Wei , Jiayuan Xie , Yi Cai , Qing Li

Training large language models to follow instructions makes them perform better on a wide range of tasks and generally become more helpful. However, a perfectly helpful model will follow even the most malicious instructions and readily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Federico Bianchi , Mirac Suzgun , Giuseppe Attanasio , Paul Röttger , Dan Jurafsky , Tatsunori Hashimoto , James Zou

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for addressing a wide range of general inquiries and tasks. Despite this, fine-tuning aligned LLMs on smaller, domain-specific datasets, critical to adapting them to specialized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanlin Li , Kangjie Chen , Shangwei Guo , Jie Zhang , Han Qiu , Chao Zhang , Guoyin Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced the ability to generalize across a wide range of unseen natural language processing (NLP) tasks through instruction-following. Yet, their effectiveness often diminishes in…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of mathematical reasoning necessitates comprehensive evaluations to gauge progress and inspire future directions. Existing assessments predominantly focus on problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xiaoyuan Li , Wenjie Wang , Moxin Li , Junrong Guo , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) theoretically allows models to refine and improve their answers, yet systematic analysis of the multi-turn behavior of LLMs remains limited. In this paper, we propose the FlipFlop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Philippe Laban , Lidiya Murakhovs'ka , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

In few-shot classification tasks (so-called episodes), a small set of labeled support samples is provided during inference to aid the classification of unlabeled query samples. Metric-based models typically operate by computing similarities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xuanyu Zhuang , Geoffroy Peeters , Gaël Richard
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