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Predicting potential outcomes of interventions from observational data is crucial for decision-making in medicine, but the task is challenging due to the fundamental problem of causal inference. Existing methods are largely limited to point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yuchen Ma , Valentyn Melnychuk , Jonas Schweisthal , Stefan Feuerriegel

Energy-based modelling brings engineering insight to the understanding of biomolecular systems. It is shown how well-established control engineering concepts, such as loop-gain, arise from energy feedback loops and are therefore amenable to…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2021-03-30 Peter J Gawthrop

We consider the problem of function estimation in the case where the data distribution may shift between training and test time, and additional information about it may be available at test time. This relates to popular scenarios such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-06-05 Bernhard Schölkopf , Dominik Janzing , Jonas Peters , Kun Zhang

Diffusion models are a class of generative models that serve to establish a stochastic transport map between an empirically observed, yet unknown, target distribution and a known prior. Despite their remarkable success in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Puheng Li , Zhong Li , Huishuai Zhang , Jiang Bian

Protein inverse folding aims to identify viable amino acid sequences that can fold into given protein structures, enabling the design of novel proteins with desired functions for applications in drug discovery, enzyme engineering, and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-05 Taoyu Wu , Yu Guang Wang , Yiqing Shen

Protein loop modeling is the most challenging yet highly non-trivial task in protein structure prediction. Despite recent progress, existing methods including knowledge-based, ab initio, hybrid and deep learning (DL) methods fall…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-23 Tianyue Wang , Xujun Zhang , Odin Zhang , Peichen Pan , Guangyong Chen , Yu Kang , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou

Diffusion models have become a leading framework in generative modeling, yet their theoretical understanding -- especially for high-dimensional data concentrated on low-dimensional structures -- remains incomplete. This paper investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zixuan Zhang , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

Novel sampling algorithms can significantly impact open questions in computational biology, most notably the in silico protein folding problem. By using computational methods, protein folding aims to find the three-dimensional structure of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Peter Minary , Michael Levitt

Proteins, essential to biological systems, perform functions intricately linked to their three-dimensional structures. Understanding the relationship between protein structures and their amino acid sequences remains a core challenge in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-04 Liang He , Peiran Jin , Yaosen Min , Shufang Xie , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin , Xiaozhuan Liang , Kaiyuan Gao , Yuliang Jiang , Tie-Yan Liu

Generative modeling has drawn much attention in creative and scientific data generation tasks. Score-based Diffusion Models, a type of generative model that iteratively learns to denoise data, have shown state-of-the-art results on tasks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Tyler Presser , Agnimitra Dasgupta , Daniel Erwin , Assad Oberai

Diffusion Models are popular generative modeling methods in various vision tasks, attracting significant attention. They can be considered a unique instance of self-supervised learning methods due to their independence from label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-19 Michael Fuest , Pingchuan Ma , Ming Gui , Johannes Schusterbauer , Vincent Tao Hu , Bjorn Ommer

Protein structure prediction is a critical and longstanding challenge in biology, garnering widespread interest due to its significance in understanding biological processes. A particular area of focus is the prediction of missing loops in…

Class-labeled datasets, particularly those common in scientific domains, are rife with internal structure, yet current class-conditional diffusion models ignore these relationships and implicitly diffuse on all classes in a flat fashion. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Alex M. Tseng , Max Shen , Tommaso Biancalani , Gabriele Scalia

The information diffusion prediction on social networks aims to predict future recipients of a message, with practical applications in marketing and social media. While different prediction models all claim to perform well, general…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Wenjin Xie , Xiaomeng Wang , Radosław Michalski , Tao Jia

Logarithmic oscillations superimposed on a power-law trend appear in the behavior of various complex hierarchical systems. In this paper, we study the logarithmic oscillations of relaxation curves in p-adic diffusion models that are used to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-02 A. Kh. Bikulov , A. P. Zubarev

A central challenge in materials science is characterizing chemical processes that are elusive to direct measurement, particularly in functional materials operating under realistic conditions. Here, we demonstrate that mechanical strain…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-04 Royal C. Ihuaenyi , Hongbo Zhao , Ruqing Fang , Ruobing Bai , Martin Z. Bazant , Juner Zhu

Predicting the structure of a protein from its sequence is a cornerstone task of molecular biology. Established methods in the field, such as homology modeling and fragment assembly, appeared to have reached their limit. However, this year…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Georgy Derevyanko , Guillaume Lamoureux

Information overload in the modern society calls for highly efficient recommendation algorithms. In this letter we present a novel diffusion based recommendation model, with users' ratings built into a transition matrix. To speed up…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-11-15 Yi-Cheng Zhang , Matus Medo , Jie Ren , Tao Zhou , Tao Li , Fan Yang

A central problem in computational biophysics is protein structure prediction, i.e., finding the optimal folding of a given amino acid sequence. This problem has been studied in a classical abstract model, the HP model, where the protein is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Kaiyuan Yang , Houjing Huang , Olafs Vandans , Adithya Murali , Fujia Tian , Roland H. C. Yap , Liang Dai

Training a diffusion model approximates a map from a data distribution $\rho$ to the optimal score function $s_t$ for that distribution. Can we differentiate this map? If we could, then we could predict how the score, and ultimately the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Christopher Scarvelis , Justin Solomon
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