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Continual learning (CL) aims to train models on a sequence of tasks while retaining performance on previously learned ones. A core challenge in this setting is catastrophic forgetting, where new learning interferes with past knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Meng Ding , Jinhui Xu , Kaiyi Ji

Continual learning (CL) enables animals to learn new tasks without erasing prior knowledge. CL in artificial neural networks (NNs) is challenging due to catastrophic forgetting, where new learning degrades performance on older tasks. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Haozhe Shan , Qianyi Li , Haim Sompolinsky

Catastrophic forgetting is a pervasive issue for pre-trained language models (PLMs) during continual learning, where models lose previously acquired knowledge when sequentially trained on a series of tasks. The model's ability to retain old…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Biqing Zeng , Zehan Li , Aladdin Ayesh

We study the statistical performance of a continual learning problem with two linear regression tasks in a well-specified random design setting. We consider a structural regularization algorithm that incorporates a generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Haoran Li , Jingfeng Wu , Vladimir Braverman

In this work, we study the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting in the graph representation learning scenario. The primary objective of the analysis is to understand whether classical continual learning techniques for flat and sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Antonio Carta , Andrea Cossu , Federico Errica , Davide Bacciu

Most artificial intelligence models have limiting ability to solve new tasks faster, without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The recently emerging paradigm of continual learning aims to solve this issue, in which the model learns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Ju Xu , Zhanxing Zhu

We study the relationship between catastrophic forgetting and properties of task sequences. In particular, given a sequence of tasks, we would like to understand which properties of this sequence influence the error rates of continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Cuong V. Nguyen , Alessandro Achille , Michael Lam , Tal Hassner , Vijay Mahadevan , Stefano Soatto

Learning how to learn efficiently is a fundamental challenge for biological agents and a growing concern for artificial ones. To learn effectively, an agent must regulate its learning speed, balancing the benefits of rapid improvement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Valentina Njaradi , Rodrigo Carrasco-Davis , Peter E. Latham , Andrew Saxe

Recently, continual graph learning has been increasingly adopted for diverse graph-structured data processing tasks in non-stationary environments. Despite its promising learning capability, current studies on continual graph learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Zonggui Tian , Du Zhang , Hong-Ning Dai

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem faced by many machine learning models and algorithms. When trained on one task, then trained on a second task, many machine learning models "forget" how to perform the first task. This is widely believed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-05 Ian J. Goodfellow , Mehdi Mirza , Da Xiao , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Attempts from different disciplines to provide a fundamental understanding of deep learning have advanced rapidly in recent years, yet a unified framework remains relatively limited. In this article, we provide one possible way to align…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Guan-Horng Liu , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Quantum computers may outperform classical computers on machine learning tasks. In recent years, a variety of quantum algorithms promising unparalleled potential to enhance, speed up, or innovate machine learning have been proposed. Yet,…

Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are unable to sequentially learn new tasks without guaranteed stationarity in data distribution. Continual learning could be achieved via replay -- by concurrently training externally…

Supervised Continual learning involves updating a deep neural network (DNN) from an ever-growing stream of labeled data. While most work has focused on overcoming catastrophic forgetting, one of the major motivations behind continual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Md Yousuf Harun , Jhair Gallardo , Tyler L. Hayes , Christopher Kanan

Continual learning on sequential data is critical for many machine learning (ML) deployments. Unfortunately, LSTM networks, which are commonly used to learn on sequential data, suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are limited in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ketaki Joshi , Raghavendra Pradyumna Pothukuchi , Andre Wibisono , Abhishek Bhattacharjee

This book chapter delves into the dynamics of continual learning, which is the process of incrementally learning from a non-stationary stream of data. Although continual learning is a natural skill for the human brain, it is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Gido M. van de Ven , Nicholas Soures , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Continual learning refers to the problem where the training data is available in sequential chunks, termed "tasks". The majority of progress in continual learning has been stunted by the problem of catastrophic forgetting, which is caused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rajas Chitale , Ankit Vaidya , Aditya Kane , Archana Ghotkar

A central challenge in developing versatile machine learning systems is catastrophic forgetting: a model trained on tasks in sequence will suffer significant performance drops on earlier tasks. Despite the ubiquity of catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Vinay V. Ramasesh , Ethan Dyer , Maithra Raghu

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) suffer from catastrophic forgetting when trained on a sequence of tasks. While this phenomenon was studied in the past, there is only very limited recent research on this phenomenon. We propose a method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Felix Wiewel , Bin Yang

Neural networks tend to gradually forget the previously learned knowledge when learning multiple tasks sequentially from dynamic data distributions. This problem is called \textit{catastrophic forgetting}, which is a fundamental challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Chenze Shao , Yang Feng