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The Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) task aims to describe an audio signal using natural language. To evaluate machine-generated captions, the metrics should take into account audio events, acoustic scenes, paralinguistics, signal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Satvik Dixit , Soham Deshmukh , Bhiksha Raj

The goal of this work is to enhance balanced multimodal understanding in audio-visual large language models (AV-LLMs) by addressing modality bias without additional training. In current AV-LLMs, audio and video features are typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chaeyoung Jung , Youngjoon Jang , Jongmin Choi , Joon Son Chung

While beam search improves speech recognition quality over greedy decoding, standard implementations are slow, often sequential, and CPU-bound. To fully leverage modern hardware capabilities, we present a novel open-source FlexCTC toolkit…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Lilit Grigoryan , Vladimir Bataev , Nikolay Karpov , Andrei Andrusenko , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

This paper proposes a novel neural denoising vocoder that can generate clean speech waveforms from noisy mel-spectrograms. The proposed neural denoising vocoder consists of two components, i.e., a spectrum predictor and a enhancement…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Hui-Peng Du , Ye-Xin Lu , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

We propose an audio codec that addresses the low-delay requirements of some applications such as network music performance. The codec is based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) with very short frames and uses gain-shape…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Jean-Marc Valin , Timothy B. Terriberry , Gregory Maxwell

Scene-based spatial audio formats, such as Ambisonics, are playback system agnostic and may therefore be favoured for delivering immersive audio experiences to a wide range of (potentially unknown) devices. The number of channels required…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-25 Christoph Hold , Leo McCormack , Archontis Politis , Ville Pulkki

We propose a method named AudioFormer,which learns audio feature representations through the acquisition of discrete acoustic codes and subsequently fine-tunes them for audio classification tasks. Initially,we introduce a novel perspective…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Zhaohui Li , Haitao Wang , Xinghua Jiang

While many current neural speech codecs achieve impressive reconstructed speech quality, they often neglect latency and complexity considerations, limiting their practical deployment in downstream tasks such as real-time speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 En-Wei Zhang , Hui-Peng Du , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Model quantization represents both parameters (weights) and intermediate values (activations) in a more compact format, thereby directly reducing both computational and memory cost in hardware. The quantization of recent large language…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Jianyi Cheng , Cheng Zhang , Zhewen Yu , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao

Flow matching (FM) is a general framework for defining probability paths via Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to transform between noise and data samples. Recent approaches attempt to straighten these flow trajectories to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ling Yang , Zixiang Zhang , Zhilong Zhang , Xingchao Liu , Minkai Xu , Wentao Zhang , Chenlin Meng , Stefano Ermon , Bin Cui

This paper introduces a novel transformer-based network architecture, FlowFormer, along with the Masked Cost Volume AutoEncoding (MCVA) for pretraining it to tackle the problem of optical flow estimation. FlowFormer tokenizes the 4D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Zhaoyang Huang , Xiaoyu Shi , Chao Zhang , Qiang Wang , Yijin Li , Hongwei Qin , Jifeng Dai , Xiaogang Wang , Hongsheng Li

The IETF recently standardized the Opus codec as RFC6716. Opus targets a wide range of real-time Internet applications by combining a linear prediction coder with a transform coder. We describe the transform coder, with particular attention…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Jean-Marc Valin , Gregory Maxwell , Timothy B. Terriberry , Koen Vos

With increasing quality requirements for multimedia communications, audio codecs must maintain both high quality and low delay. Typically, audio codecs offer either low delay or high quality, but rarely both. We propose a codec that…

This paper presents the Deep learning-based Perceptual Audio Quality metric (DeePAQ) for evaluating general audio quality. Our approach leverages metric learning together with the music foundation model MERT, guided by surrogate labels, to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Guanxin Jiang , Andreas Brendel , Pablo M. Delgado , Jürgen Herre

Neural Audio Codecs, initially designed as a compression technique, have gained more attention recently for speech generation. Codec models represent each audio frame as a sequence of tokens, i.e., discrete embeddings. The discrete and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-31 Alexander H. Liu , Qirui Wang , Yuan Gong , James Glass

The difficulty of obtaining paired data remains a major bottleneck for learning image restoration and enhancement models for real-world applications. Current strategies aim to synthesize realistic training data by modeling noise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Valentin Wolf , Andreas Lugmayr , Martin Danelljan , Luc Van Gool , Radu Timofte

LLM-conditioned segmentation has recently advanced rapidly by coupling large language models with iterative mask generation frameworks. However, we identify a persistent failure mode in current propose-then-select pipelines. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zekang Zhang , Guangyu Gao , Youyun Tang , ChengJing Wu , Xiaochao Qu , Chi Harold Liu , Jianbo Jiao , Yunchao Wei , Luoqi Liu , Ting Liu

In this paper, we consider the ChannelComp framework, where multiple transmitters aim to compute a function of their values at a common receiver while using digital modulations over a multiple access channel. ChannelComp provides a general…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-14 Xiaojing Yan , Saeed Razavikia , Carlo Fischione

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) learn an ordinary differential equation to transform prior samples into data. Flow matching (FM) has recently emerged as a simulation-free approach for training CNFs by regressing a velocity model towards…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Tianyu Xie , Yu Zhu , Longlin Yu , Tong Yang , Ziheng Cheng , Shiyue Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Cheng Zhang

Virtual instrument generation requires maintaining consistent timbre across different pitches and velocities, a challenge that existing note-level models struggle to address. We present FlowSynth, which combines distributional flow matching…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Qihui Yang , Randal Leistikow , Yongyi Zang