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Autonomous driving in urban crowds at unregulated intersections is challenging, where dynamic occlusions and uncertain behaviors of other vehicles should be carefully considered. Traditional methods are heuristic and based on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Peide Cai , Sukai Wang , Hengli Wang , Ming Liu

Deep learning-based recommender systems have become an integral part of several online platforms. However, their black-box nature emphasizes the need for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) approaches to provide human-understandable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Ziheng Chen , Fabrizio Silvestri , Jia Wang , Yongfeng Zhang , Gabriele Tolomei

Recent semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) has achieved remarkable progress by leveraging unlabeled data for training. Mainstream SSOD methods rely on Consistency Regularization methods and Exponential Moving Average (EMA), which form a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Liyu Chen , Huaao Tang , Yi Wen , Hanting Chen , Wei Li , Junchao Liu , Jie Hu

Imitation learning trains control policies by mimicking pre-recorded expert demonstrations. In partially observable settings, imitation policies must rely on observation histories, but many seemingly paradoxical results show better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Chuan Wen , Jierui Lin , Jianing Qian , Yang Gao , Dinesh Jayaraman

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as reasoning engines in autonomous driving, yet their decision-making remains opaque. We propose to study their decision process through counterfactual explanations, which identify the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Amaia Cardiel , Eloi Zablocki , Elias Ramzi , Eric Gaussier

End-to-end models for autonomous driving hold the promise of learning complex behaviors directly from sensor data, but face critical challenges in safety and handling long-tail events. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising path to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tianyi Yan , Tao Tang , Xingtai Gui , Yongkang Li , Jiasen Zhesng , Weiyao Huang , Lingdong Kong , Wencheng Han , Xia Zhou , Xueyang Zhang , Yifei Zhan , Kun Zhan , Cheng-zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen

In autonomous driving, even a meticulously trained model can encounter failures when facing unfamiliar scenarios. One of these scenarios can be formulated as an online continual learning (OCL) problem. That is, data come in an online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Huiping Zhuang , Di Fang , Kai Tong , Yuchen Liu , Ziqian Zeng , Xu Zhou , Cen Chen

While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising solution for intricate control tasks, the lack of explainability of the learned policies impedes its uptake in safety-critical applications, such as automated driving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Amir Samadi , Konstantinos Koufos , Kurt Debattista , Mehrdad Dianati

Learning from class imbalanced datasets poses challenges for many machine learning algorithms. Many real-world domains are, by definition, class imbalanced by virtue of having a majority class that naturally has many more instances than its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Mohammed Temraz , Mark T. Keane

Autonomous driving involves complex tasks such as data fusion, object and lane detection, behavior prediction, and path planning. As opposed to the modular approach which dedicates individual subsystems to tackle each of those tasks, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mahmoud M. Kishky , Hesham M. Eraqi , Khaled F. Elsayed

The capability to follow a lead-vehicle and avoid rear-end collisions is one of the most important functionalities for human drivers and various Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS). Existing safety performance justification of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Bowen Weng , Minghao Zhu , Keith Redmill

In the behavioral cloning approach to end-to-end driving, a dataset of expert driving is collected and the model learns to guess what the expert would do in different situations. Situations are summarized in observations and the outputs are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ardi Tampuu , Ilmar Uduste , Kristjan Roosild

The end-to-end autonomous driving paradigm has recently attracted lots of attention due to its scalability. However, existing methods are constrained by the limited scale of real-world data, which hinders a comprehensive exploration of the…

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are advocated as being ideally suited to providing algorithmic recourse for subjects affected by the predictions of machine learning models. While CEs can be beneficial to affected individuals, recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Junqi Jiang , Francesco Leofante , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Counterfactually Augmented Data (CAD) involves creating new data samples by applying minimal yet sufficient modifications to flip the label of existing data samples to other classes. Training with CAD enhances model robustness against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xiaoqi Qiu , Yongjie Wang , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Yue Yu , Yuhong Feng , Chunyan Miao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can mitigate the causal confusion and distribution shift inherent to imitation learning (IL). However, applying RL to end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) remains an open problem for its training difficulty,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhenjie Yang , Xiaosong Jia , Qifeng Li , Xue Yang , Maoqing Yao , Junchi Yan

Despite the evolution of language models, they continue to portray harmful societal biases and stereotypes inadvertently learned from training data. These inherent biases often result in detrimental effects in various applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Ewoenam Kwaku Tokpo , Toon Calders

Imitation learning (IL) is a simple and powerful way to use high-quality human driving data, which can be collected at scale, to produce human-like behavior. However, policies based on imitation learning alone often fail to sufficiently…

Foundation Models (FMs) have become the hallmark of modern AI, however, these models are trained on massive data, leading to financially expensive training. Updating FMs as new data becomes available is important, however, can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 James Seale Smith , Lazar Valkov , Shaunak Halbe , Vyshnavi Gutta , Rogerio Feris , Zsolt Kira , Leonid Karlinsky

Despite impressive advancements in Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS), navigation in complex road conditions remains a challenging problem. There is considerable evidence that evaluating the subjective risk level of various decisions can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Shih-Yuan Yu , Arnav V. Malawade , Deepan Muthirayan , Pramod P. Khargonekar , Mohammad A. Al Faruque