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Despite the remarkable empirical performance of Transformers, their theoretical understanding remains elusive. Here, we consider a deep multi-head self-attention network, that is closely related to Transformers yet analytically tractable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Lorenzo Tiberi , Francesca Mignacco , Kazuki Irie , Haim Sompolinsky

Finding the right initialisation for neural networks is crucial to ensure smooth training and good performance. In transformers, the wrong initialisation can lead to one of two failure modes of self-attention layers: rank collapse, where…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 Alessio Giorlandino , Sebastian Goldt

Transformers have proven highly effective across various applications, especially in handling sequential data such as natural languages and time series. However, transformer models often lack clear interpretability, and the success of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wei Shi , Yuan Cao

Temporal action detection (TAD) is challenging, yet fundamental for real-world video applications. Recently, DETR-based models for TAD have been prevailing thanks to their unique benefits. However, transformers demand a huge dataset, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jihwan Kim , Miso Lee , Jae-Pil Heo

Since its introduction, the transformer has shifted the development trajectory away from traditional models (e.g., RNN, MLP) in time series forecasting, which is attributed to its ability to capture global dependencies within temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Wenhui Zhu , Huayu Li , Hao Wang , Aristeidis Sotiras , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi

State-of-the-art rehearsal-free continual learning methods exploit the peculiarities of Vision Transformers to learn task-specific prompts, drastically reducing catastrophic forgetting. However, there is a tradeoff between the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Thomas De Min , Massimiliano Mancini , Karteek Alahari , Xavier Alameda-Pineda , Elisa Ricci

Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning (PETL) aims at efficiently adapting large models pre-trained on massive data to downstream tasks with limited task-specific data. In view of the practicality of PETL, previous works focus on tuning a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Hengyuan Zhao , Hao Luo , Yuyang Zhao , Pichao Wang , Fan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Neural networks are typically trained with a single learning rate across all layers. While recent empirical evidence suggests that assigning layer-specific learning rates can accelerate training, a principled understanding of the conditions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sihan Zeng , Sujay Bhatt , Sumitra Ganesh

Predictive process monitoring aims to support the execution of a process during runtime with various predictions about the further evolution of a process instance. In the last years a plethora of deep learning architectures have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Martin Käppel , Lars Ackermann , Stefan Jablonski , Simon Härtl

There has been a recent surge in transformer-based architectures for learning on graphs, mainly motivated by attention as an effective learning mechanism and the desire to supersede handcrafted operators characteristic of message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 David Buterez , Jon Paul Janet , Dino Oglic , Pietro Lio

Transformers are state-of-the-art in a wide range of NLP tasks and have also been applied to many real-world products. Understanding the reliability and certainty of transformer model predictions is crucial for building trustable machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Jiahuan Pei , Cheng Wang , György Szarvas

Conventional wisdom suggests that pre-training Vision Transformers (ViT) improves downstream performance by learning useful representations. Is this actually true? We investigate this question and find that the features and representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Alexander C. Li , Yuandong Tian , Beidi Chen , Deepak Pathak , Xinlei Chen

Attention-based transformers have been remarkably successful at modeling generative processes across various domains and modalities. In this paper, we study the behavior of transformers on data drawn from \kth Markov processes, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Nived Rajaraman , Marco Bondaschi , Kannan Ramchandran , Michael Gastpar , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva

As model finetuning is central to the modern NLP, we set to maximize its efficiency. Motivated by redundancy in training examples and the sheer sizes of pretrained models, we exploit a key opportunity: training only on important data. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Xu Ouyang , Shahina Mohd Azam Ansari , Felix Xiaozhu Lin , Yangfeng Ji

Understanding whether deep neural networks are effectively optimized remains challenging, as training occurs in highly nonconvex landscapes and standard metrics provide limited visibility into layer-wise learning quality. This challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Arian Eamaz , Farhang Yeganegi , Mojtaba Soltanalian

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning approaches have recently garnered a lot of attention. Having considerably lower number of trainable weights, these methods can bring about scalability and computational effectiveness. In this paper, we look…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Mohammad Akbar-Tajari , Sara Rajaee , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

State-of-the-art results on neural machine translation often use attentional sequence-to-sequence models with some form of convolution or recursion. Vaswani et al. (2017) propose a new architecture that avoids recurrence and convolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Karim Ahmed , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Richard Socher

Transformers have become the dominant architecture for sequence modeling tasks such as natural language processing or audio processing, and they are now even considered for tasks that are not naturally sequential such as image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jorg Bornschein , Yazhe Li , Amal Rannen-Triki

The rapid progress seen in terms of large-scale generative AI is largely based on the attention mechanism. It is conversely non-trivial to conceive small-scale applications for which attention-based architectures outperform traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Claudius Gros

Phase transitions mark qualitative reorganizations of collective behavior, yet identifying their boundaries remains challenging whenever analytic solutions are absent and conventional simulations fail. Here we introduce learnability as a…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-10 Şener Özönder