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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) compensates for the static knowledge limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, producing responses with enhanced factual correctness and query-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ruobing Yao , Yifei Zhang , Shuang Song , Neng Gao , Chenyang Tu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

In Large Language Models, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems can significantly enhance the performance of large language models by integrating external knowledge. However, RAG also introduces new security risks. Existing research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Linlin Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Laiqiao Qin , Longxiang Gao , Wanlei Zhou

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taehee Jeong , Xingzhe Zhao , Peizu Li , Markus Valvur , Weihua Zhao

The growing adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has led to a rise in adversarial attacks. Existing defenses, relying on semantic analysis or voting, face a trade-off between high computational cost and limited robustness under…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chengcai Gao , Zhihong Sun , Xiaochuan Shi , Qiufeng Wang , Chao Liang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance response credibility and traceability by displaying reference contexts, but this transparency simultaneously introduces a novel black-box attack vector. Existing document poisoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Runqi Sui

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, making them adaptable and cost-effective for various applications. However, the growing reliance on these systems also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yucheng Zhang , Qinfeng Li , Tianyu Du , Xuhong Zhang , Xinkui Zhao , Zhengwen Feng , Jianwei Yin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the dominant architectural pattern to operationalize Large Language Model (LLM) usage in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) systems. However, this design is susceptible to poisoning attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Austin Jia , Avaneesh Ramesh , Zain Shamsi , Daniel Zhang , Alex Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a core technology for tasks such as question-answering (QA) and content generation. RAG poisoning is an attack method to induce LLMs to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Meng Xi , Sihan Lv , Yechen Jin , Guanjie Cheng , Naibo Wang , Ying Li , Jianwei Yin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by retrieving external documents, but also opens up new attack surfaces. We study knowledge-base poisoning attacks in RAG, where an attacker injects…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hongru Song , Yu-An Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

With the growing adoption of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, various attack methods have been proposed to degrade their performance. However, most existing approaches rely on unrealistic assumptions in which external attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chanwoo Choi , Jinsoo Kim , Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Buru Chang

Security applications are increasingly relying on large language models (LLMs) for cyber threat detection; however, their opaque reasoning often limits trust, particularly in decisions that require domain-specific cybersecurity knowledge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Arnabh Borah , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Large language models (LLMs) are very costly and inefficient to update with new information. To address this limitation, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been proposed as a solution that dynamically incorporates external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Sezen Perçin , Xin Su , Qutub Sha Syed , Phillip Howard , Aleksei Kuvshinov , Leo Schwinn , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential to enhance natural language understanding and generation by combining large-scale retrieval systems with generative models. RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Jie Ouyang , Qi Liu , Huijie Liu , Li Li , Shuo Yu , Bohou Zhang , Jiawei Cao , Jie Ma , Daoyu Wang , Enhong Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) complements the knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging external information to enhance response accuracy for queries. This approach is widely applied in several fields by taking its…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widely adopted paradigm for enhancing LLMs in medical applications by incorporating expert multimodal knowledge during generation. However, the underlying retrieval databases may naturally contain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Peiru Yang , Haoran Zheng , Tong Ju , Shiting Wang , Wanchun Ni , Jiajun Liu , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled a wide range of applications through their powerful capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, as LLMs are trained on static corpora, they face difficulties in addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yongjie Wang , Yue Yu , Kaisong Song , Jun Lin , Zhiqi Shen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, practitioners face significant challenges when making RAG deployment decisions. While existing research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shengming Zhao , Yuchen Shao , Yuheng Huang , Jiayang Song , Zhijie Wang , Chengcheng Wan , Lei Ma

The widespread adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in real-world applications has heightened concerns about the confidentiality and integrity of their proprietary knowledge bases. These knowledge bases, which play a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang