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Transformer language models can generate strikingly natural text by modeling language as a sequence of tokens, but by relying primarily on surface-level co-occurrence statistics they fail to form globally consistent latent representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , James McClelland

Causality is vital for understanding true cause-and-effect relationships between variables within predictive models, rather than relying on mere correlations, making it highly relevant in the field of Explainable AI. In an automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Arturo Fredes , Jordi Vitria

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing, exhibiting impressive human-like capabilities. In particular, LLMs are capable of "lying", knowingly outputting false statements. Hence, it is of interest and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Lennart Bürger , Fred A. Hamprecht , Boaz Nadler

The structure of causal language model training assumes that each token can be accurately predicted from the previous context. This contrasts with humans' natural writing and reasoning process, where goals are typically known before the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Abitha Thankaraj , Yiding Jiang , J. Zico Kolter , Yonatan Bisk

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many natural language tasks, yet they struggle with complex mathemat-ical problem-solving, particularly in symbolic reasoning and maintaining consistent output. This study evalu-ates 10 LLMs with 7 to 8…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Evgenii Evstafev

In real-world machine learning systems, labels are often derived from user behaviors that the system wishes to encourage. Over time, new models must be trained as new training examples and features become available. However, feedback loops…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Victoria Lin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Srinagesh Sharma

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become ubiquitous, with abundant applications in computational creativity. One such application is fictional story generation. Fiction is a narrative that occurs in a story world that is slightly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

This study introduces a hypothesis-testing framework to assess whether large language models (LLMs) possess genuine reasoning abilities or primarily depend on token bias. We go beyond evaluating LLMs on accuracy; rather, we aim to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Bowen Jiang , Yangxinyu Xie , Zhuoqun Hao , Xiaomeng Wang , Tanwi Mallick , Weijie J. Su , Camillo J. Taylor , Dan Roth

Large language models (LLMs) play a key role in generating evidence-based and stylistic counter-arguments, yet their effectiveness in real-world applications has been underexplored. Previous research often neglects the balance between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Preetika Verma , Kokil Jaidka , Svetlana Churina

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Athul Radhakrishnan , Siddhant Mohan , Mahima Sachdeva

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling diverse applications by integrating large-scale pre-trained knowledge. However, their static knowledge limits dynamic reasoning over external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Harshad Khadilkar , Abhay Gupta

In this work, we observe an interesting phenomenon: it is possible to generate reversible sentence embeddings that allow an LLM to reconstruct the original text exactly, without modifying the model's weights. This is achieved by introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ignacio Sastre , Aiala Rosá

Counterfactual reasoning has emerged as a crucial technique for generalizing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). By generating and analyzing counterfactual scenarios, researchers can assess the adaptability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shuai Yang , Qi Yang , Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Nancy Guo , Jeremy Blackburn , Zhaohan Xi

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful tool for a wide range of language generation tasks. Nevertheless, this progress has been slower in Arabic. In this work, we focus on the task of generating stories from LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ahmed Oumar El-Shangiti , Fakhraddin Alwajih , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Large language models (LLM) trained using the next-token-prediction objective, such as GPT3 and PaLM, have revolutionized natural language processing in recent years by showing impressive zero-shot and few-shot capabilities across a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Hao Liu , Xinyang Geng , Lisa Lee , Igor Mordatch , Sergey Levine , Sharan Narang , Pieter Abbeel

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex tasks with advances in reasoning capabilities. However, existing reward mechanisms remain tightly coupled to final correctness and pay little attention to the underlying reasoning process:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jingyao Wang , Peizheng Guo , Wenwen Qiang , Jiahuan Zhou , Huijie Guo , Changwen Zheng , Hui Xiong

Large Language Models(LLMs) have revolutionized text generation and multimodal perception,but their capabilities in 3D content generation remain underexplored. Existing methods compromise by producing either low-resolution meshes or coarse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Junming Huang , Chi Wang , Letian Li , Guangkai Xu , Donglin Huang , Hao Chen , Qiang Dai , Weiwei Xu

Fair decisions require ignoring irrelevant, potentially biasing, information. To achieve this, decision-makers need to approximate what decision they would have made had they not known certain facts, such as the gender or race of a job…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Brian Christian , Matan Mazor

Moral stories are a time-tested vehicle for transmitting values, yet modern NLP lacks a large, structured corpus that couples coherent narratives with explicit ethical lessons. We present TF1-EN-3M, to our knowledge the first open dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andrei Piscoran , Andreea Tomescu

The counterfactual token generation has been limited to perturbing only a single token in texts that are generally short and single sentences. These tokens are often associated with one of many sensitive attributes. With limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Pranay Lohia