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Finetuning large language models on instruction data is crucial for enhancing pre-trained knowledge and improving instruction-following capabilities. As instruction datasets proliferate, selecting optimal data for effective training becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Simon Yu , Liangyu Chen , Sara Ahmadian , Marzieh Fadaee

Recently, there has been growing interest in collecting reasoning-intensive pretraining data to improve LLMs' complex reasoning ability. Prior approaches typically rely on supervised classifiers to identify such data, which requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Kai Hua , Steven Wu , Ge Zhang , Ke Shen

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has accentuated the need for diverse, high-quality pre-training data. Synthetic data emerges as a viable solution to the challenges of data scarcity and inaccessibility. While previous literature has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Hao Chen , Abdul Waheed , Xiang Li , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Bhiksha Raj , Marah I. Abdin

Data plays a pivotal role in the groundbreaking advancements in artificial intelligence. The quantitative analysis of data significantly contributes to model training, enhancing both the efficiency and quality of data utilization. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Haoru Tan , Sitong Wu , Xiuzhe Wu , Wang Wang , Bo Zhao , Zeke Xie , Gui-Song Xia , Xiaojuan Qi

Effective data selection is essential for pretraining large language models (LLMs), enhancing efficiency and improving generalization to downstream tasks. However, existing approaches often require leveraging external pretrained models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jie Hao , Rui Yu , Wei Zhang , Huixia Wang , Jie Xu , Mingrui Liu

Pretraining data selection has the potential to improve language model pretraining efficiency by utilizing higher-quality data from massive web data corpora. Current data selection methods, which rely on either hand-crafted rules or larger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zichun Yu , Spandan Das , Chenyan Xiong

Selecting appropriate training data is crucial for effective instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), which aims to (1) elicit strong capabilities, and (2) achieve balanced performance across a diverse range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qirun Dai , Dylan Zhang , Jiaqi W. Ma , Hao Peng

The data used to pretrain large language models has a decisive impact on a model's downstream performance, which has led to a large body of work on data selection methods that aim to automatically determine the most suitable data to use for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Alon Albalak , Liangming Pan , Colin Raffel , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in general scenarios. Instruction finetuning empowers them to align with humans in various tasks. Nevertheless, the Diversity and Quality of the instruction data remain two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xingyuan Pan , Luyang Huang , Liyan Kang , Zhicheng Liu , Yu Lu , Shanbo Cheng

Recent advancements in code large language models (Code-LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in resolving programming related tasks. Meanwhile, researchers have recognized that the quality of pre-training data is crucial for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chengli Xing , Zhengran Zeng , Gexiang Fang , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Data plays a fundamental role in training Large Language Models (LLMs). Efficient data management, particularly in formulating a well-suited training dataset, is significant for enhancing model performance and improving training efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Zige Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Yufei Wang , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Baojun Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Recent works have shown that by curating high quality and diverse instruction tuning datasets, we can significantly improve instruction-following capabilities. However, creating such datasets is difficult and most works rely on manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alexander Bukharin , Shiyang Li , Zhengyang Wang , Jingfeng Yang , Bing Yin , Xian Li , Chao Zhang , Tuo Zhao , Haoming Jiang

Gradient-based data influence approximation has been leveraged to select useful data samples in the supervised fine-tuning of large language models. However, the computation of gradients throughout the fine-tuning process requires too many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zige Wang , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Minghui Xu , Ruochun Jin , Wenjing Yang

In this paper, we introduce Group-MATES, an efficient group-level data selection approach to optimize the speed-quality frontier of language model pretraining. Specifically, Group-MATES parameterizes costly group-level selection with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zichun Yu , Fei Peng , Jie Lei , Arnold Overwijk , Wen-tau Yih , Chenyan Xiong

A major factor in the recent success of large language models is the use of enormous and ever-growing text datasets for unsupervised pre-training. However, naively training a model on all available data may not be optimal (or feasible), as…

In this paper, we present SwiftLearn, a data-efficient approach to accelerate training of deep learning models using a subset of data samples selected during the warm-up stages of training. This subset is selected based on an importance…

In-context learning is a promising paradigm that utilizes in-context examples as prompts for the predictions of large language models. These prompts are crucial for achieving strong performance. However, since the prompts need to be sampled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Shaokun Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Zhaoqing Wang , Ling-Hao Chen , Jiale Liu , Qingyun Wu , Tongliang Liu

A fine-grained data recipe is crucial for pre-training large language models, as it can significantly enhance training efficiency and model performance. One important ingredient in the recipe is to select samples based on scores produced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ziqing Fan , Yuqiao Xian , Yan Sun , Li Shen

Language model pretraining involves training on extensive corpora, where data quality plays a pivotal role. In this work, we aim to directly estimate the contribution of data during pretraining and select pretraining data in an efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kashun Shum , Yuzhen Huang , Hongjian Zou , Qi Ding , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Qian Liu , Junxian He

Efficient data selection is crucial to accelerate the pretraining of language model (LMs). While various methods have been proposed to enhance data efficiency, limited research has addressed the inherent conflicts between these approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Tianyi Bai , Ling Yang , Zhen Hao Wong , Fupeng Sun , Jiahui Peng , Xinlin Zhuang , Chi Zhang , Lijun Wu , Jiantao Qiu , Wentao Zhang , Binhang Yuan , Conghui He
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