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The temporal aspect is a significant dimension of our reality. We notice the challenge that large language models (LLMs) face when engaging in temporal reasoning. Our preliminary experiments show that methods involving the generation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xingxuan Li , Liying Cheng , Qingyu Tan , Hwee Tou Ng , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense advances in a wide range of natural language tasks. However, these models are susceptible to hallucinations and errors on particularly temporal understanding tasks involving multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Alexandru Dumitru , V Venktesh , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) tasks that involve complex reasoning are emerging as an important research direction. However, most existing KBQA datasets focus primarily on generic multi-hop reasoning over explicit facts, largely…

In this study, we address the challenge of enhancing temporal knowledge reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs often struggle with this task, leading to the generation of inaccurate or misleading responses. This issue mainly arises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Ziyang Chen , Dongfang Li , Xiang Zhao , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Temporal question answering (TQA) remains a challenge for large language models (LLMs), particularly when retrieved content may be irrelevant, outdated, or temporally inconsistent. This is especially critical in applications like clinical…

The Audio Question Answering (AQA) task includes audio event classification, audio captioning, and open-ended reasoning. Recently, AQA has garnered attention due to the advent of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). Current literature…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Arvind Krishna Sridhar , Yinyi Guo , Erik Visser

Time series data are foundational in finance, healthcare, and energy domains. However, most existing methods and datasets remain focused on a narrow spectrum of tasks, such as forecasting or anomaly detection. To bridge this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yaxuan Kong , Yiyuan Yang , Yoontae Hwang , Wenjie Du , Stefan Zohren , Zhangyang Wang , Ming Jin , Qingsong Wen

Question answering over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGQA) has recently found increasing interest. TKGQA requires temporal reasoning techniques to extract the relevant information from temporal knowledge bases. The only existing TKGQA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Zifeng Ding , Zongyue Li , Ruoxia Qi , Jingpei Wu , Bailan He , Yunpu Ma , Zhao Meng , Shuo Chen , Ruotong Liao , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) involves retrieving facts from a Knowledge Graph (KG) using natural language queries. A KG is a curated set of facts consisting of entities linked by relations. Certain facts include also temporal…

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in question answering and reasoning thanks to their extensive parametric memory. However, their knowledge is inherently limited by the scope of their pre-training data, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Atahan Özer , Çağatay Yıldız

Despite the advanced capabilities of large language models (LLMs), their temporal reasoning ability remains underdeveloped. Prior works have highlighted this limitation, particularly in maintaining temporal consistency when understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jongho Kim , Seung-won Hwang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating coherent text, understanding context, and performing reasoning tasks. However, they struggle with temporal reasoning, which requires processing time-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adrián Bazaga , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Temporal tabular question answering presents a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), requiring robust reasoning over structured data, which is a task where traditional prompting methods often fall short. These methods face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Atharv Kulkarni , Kushagra Dixit , Vivek Srikumar , Dan Roth , Vivek Gupta

Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering (TKGQA) aims to answer questions with temporal intent over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs). The core challenge of this task lies in understanding the complex semantic information regarding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zhuo Chen , Zhao Zhang , Zixuan Li , Fei Wang , Yutao Zeng , Xiaolong Jin , Yongjun Xu

Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering (TKGQA) aims to answer time-sensitive questions by leveraging factual information from Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs). While previous studies have employed pre-trained TKG embeddings or graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Xinying Qian , Ying Zhang , Yu Zhao , Baohang Zhou , Xuhui Sui , Xiaojie Yuan

Knowledge is inherently time-sensitive and continuously evolves over time. Although current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enrich LLMs with external knowledge, they largely ignore this temporal nature. This raises two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiale Han , Austin Cheung , Yubai Wei , Zheng Yu , Xusheng Wang , Bing Zhu , Yi Yang

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) systems have the goal of answering complex natural language questions by reasoning over relevant facts retrieved from Knowledge Bases (KB). One of the major challenges faced by these systems is their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Nithish Kannen , Udit Sharma , Sumit Neelam , Dinesh Khandelwal , Shajith Ikbal , Hima Karanam , L Venkata Subramaniam

Time series reasoning demands both the perception of complex dynamics and logical depth. However, existing LLM-based approaches exhibit two limitations: they often treat time series merely as text or images, failing to capture the patterns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junkai Lu , Peng Chen , Xingjian Wu , Yang Shu , Chenjuan Guo , Christian S. Jensen , Bin Yang

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) involves multi-hop reasoning over temporally constrained entity relationships in the knowledge graph to answer a given question. However, at each hop, large language models (LLMs) retrieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wuzhenghong Wen , Chao Xue , Su Pan , Yuwei Sun , Minlong Peng

Understanding temporal relations and answering time-sensitive questions is crucial yet a challenging task for question-answering systems powered by large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches either update the parametric knowledge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhang Siyue , Xue Yuxiang , Zhang Yiming , Wu Xiaobao , Luu Anh Tuan , Zhao Chen