English
Related papers

Related papers: Exposing Assumptions in AI Benchmarks through Cogn…

200 papers

Educational technologies, and the systems of schooling in which they are deployed, enact particular ideologies about what is important to know and how learners should learn. As artificial intelligence technologies -- in education and beyond…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Michael Madaio , Su Lin Blodgett , Elijah Mayfield , Ezekiel Dixon-Román

Creating fair AI systems is a complex problem that involves the assessment of context-dependent bias concerns. Existing research and programming libraries express specific concerns as measures of bias that they aim to constrain or mitigate.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Emmanouil Krasanakis , Symeon Papadopoulos

Evaluating hypothetical statements about how the world would be had a different course of action been taken is arguably one key capability expected from modern AI systems. Counterfactual reasoning underpins discussions in fairness, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Kevin Xia , Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim

The influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and specifically Large Language Models (LLM), on education is continuously increasing. These models are frequently used by students, giving rise to the question whether current forms of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Patrick Stokkink

Generative pretraining (the "GPT" in ChatGPT) enables language models to learn from vast amounts of internet text without human supervision. This approach has driven breakthroughs across AI by allowing deep neural networks to learn from…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-23 Thomas Serre , Ellie Pavlick

Language Models (LMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and enabled remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet their black-box nature raises critical concerns about the interpretability of their internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Avash Palikhe , Zichong Wang , Zhipeng Yin , Rui Guo , Qiang Duan , Jie Yang , Wenbin Zhang

The rapid adoption of AI agents across domains has made systematic evaluation crucial for ensuring their usefulness and successful production deployment. Evaluation of AI agents typically involves using a fixed set of benchmarks and…

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable and agentic, the requirement for trust in their outputs grows significantly, yet at the same time concerns have been mounting that models may learn to lie in pursuit of their goals. To…

Large language models generate complex, open-ended outputs: instead of outputting a class label they write summaries, generate dialogue, or produce working code. In order to asses the reliability of these open-ended generation systems, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Erik Jones , Jacob Steinhardt

The development of sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents based on large language models raises important questions about the relationship between human norms, values, and practices and AI design and performance.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rachel Katharine Sterken , James Ravi Kirkpatrick

The proliferation of generative AI tools has rendered traditional modular assessments in computing and data-centric education increasingly ineffective, creating a disconnect between academic evaluation and authentic skill measurement. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Kaihua Ding

The ability to acknowledge the inevitable uncertainty in their knowledge and reasoning is a prerequisite for AI systems to be truly truthful and reliable. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of uncertainty specific to vision-language AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Linjie Li , Anas Awadalla , Ximing Lu , Jae Sung Park , Jack Hessel , Lijuan Wang , Yejin Choi

Benchmarks are a cornerstone of modern machine learning, enabling reproducibility, comparison, and scientific progress. However, AI benchmarks are increasingly complex, requiring dynamic, AI-focused workflows. Rapid evolution in model…

Many assumptions that underpin human concepts of identity do not hold for machine minds that can be copied, edited, or simulated. We argue that there exist many different coherent identity boundaries (e.g.\ instance, model, persona), and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Raymond Douglas , Jan Kulveit , Ondrej Havlicek , Theia Pearson-Vogel , Owen Cotton-Barratt , David Duvenaud

Despite the growing reliance on fairness benchmarks to evaluate language models, the datasets that underpin these benchmarks remain critically underexamined. This survey addresses that overlooked foundation by offering a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiale Zhang , Zichong Wang , Avash Palikhe , Zhipeng Yin , Wenbin Zhang

We show how to assess a language model's knowledge of basic concepts of morality. We introduce the ETHICS dataset, a new benchmark that spans concepts in justice, well-being, duties, virtues, and commonsense morality. Models predict…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Dan Hendrycks , Collin Burns , Steven Basart , Andrew Critch , Jerry Li , Dawn Song , Jacob Steinhardt

Artificial Intelligence for Science (AI4S) is an emerging research field that utilizes machine learning advancements to tackle complex scientific computational issues, aiming to enhance computational efficiency and accuracy. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Yatao Li , Jianfeng Zhan

Artificial intelligence (AI) comes with great opportunities but can also pose significant risks. Automatically generated explanations for decisions can increase transparency and foster trust, especially for systems based on automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Johannes Schneider , Christian Meske , Michalis Vlachos

LLMs and AI chatbots have improved people's efficiency in various fields. However, the necessary knowledge for answering the question may be beyond the models' knowledge boundaries. To mitigate this issue, many researchers try to introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yi Liu , Lianzhe Huang , Shicheng Li , Sishuo Chen , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Recent advances in probabilistic modelling have led to a large number of simulation-based inference algorithms which do not require numerical evaluation of likelihoods. However, a public benchmark with appropriate performance metrics for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-12 Jan-Matthis Lueckmann , Jan Boelts , David S. Greenberg , Pedro J. Gonçalves , Jakob H. Macke