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Open Radio Access Network (RAN) was introduced recently to incorporate intelligence and openness into the upcoming generation of RAN. Open RAN offers standardized interfaces and the capacity to accommodate network applications from external…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Abdul Wadud , Fatemeh Golpayegani , Nima Afraz

Securing the near-real-time (near-RT) control operations in Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) is increasingly critical, yet remains insufficiently addressed, as new runtime threats target the control loop while the system is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hamed Alimohammadi , Samara Mayhoub , Sotiris Chatzimiltis , Mohammad Shojafar , Muhammad Nasir Mumtaz Bhutta

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables a flexible, vendor-neutral deployment of 5G networks by disaggregating base station components and supporting third-party xApps for near real-time RAN control. However, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Pragya Sharma , Shihua Sun , Shachi Deshpande , Angelos Stavrou , Haining Wang

The advent of Open Radio Access Network (RAN) has revolutionized the field of RAN by introducing elements of native support of intelligence and openness into the next generation of mobile network infrastructure. Open RAN paves the way for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Abdul Wadud , Fatemeh Golpayegani , Nima Afraz

Open RAN (O-RAN) fosters multi-vendor interoperability and data-driven control but simultaneously introduces the challenge of coordinating pre-trained xApps that may produce conflicting actions. Although O-RAN specifications mandate offline…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Idris Cinemre , Toktam Mahmoodi , Amirmohammad Farzaneh

The Radio Access Network (RAN) is the segment of cellular networks that provides wireless connectivity to end-users. O-RAN Alliance has been transforming the RAN industry by proposing open RAN specifications and the programmable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Gabriel M. Almeida , Gustavo Z. Bruno , Alexandre Huff , Matti Hiltunen , Elias P. Duarte , Cristiano B. Both , Kleber V. Cardoso

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) promise flexible 6G network access through disaggregated, software-driven components and open interfaces, but this programmability also increases operational complexity. Multiple control loops coexist…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hojjat Navidan , Mohammad Cheraghinia , Jaron Fontaine , Mohamed Seif , Eli De Poorter , H. Vincent Poor , Ingrid Moerman , Adnan Shahid

The evolution of 6G envisions a wide range of applications and services characterized by highly differentiated and stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) technology has emerged as a transformative…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Noe M. Yungaicela-Naula , Vishal Sharma , Sandra Scott-Hayward

This paper presents an extensible ns-3-based simulation framework for evaluating intent-based, semantics-aware control in Open RAN architectures. The framework integrates external Radio Access Network (RAN) Intelligent Controller (RIC)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Pouya Agheli , Grégoire Lefebvre

Open RAN (O-RAN) exposes rich control and telemetry interfaces across the Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, and distributed units, but also makes it harder to operate multi-tenant, multi-objective RANs in a safe and auditable manner. In parallel,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhizhou He , Yang Luo , Xinkai Liu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Merouane Debbah , Rahim Tafazolli

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables the deployment of third-party applications on the RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs). However, the operation of third-party applications in the Near Real-Time RIC (Near-RT RIC),…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Arshia Zolghadr , Joao F. Santos , Luiz A. DaSilva , Jacek Kibiłda

The evolution of Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) enables programmable and intelligent control of radio resources through disaggregated architectures and open interfaces. However, existing solutions typically rely on isolated control…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Anastasios Giannopoulos , Sotirios Spantideas , Panagiotis Trakadas

Localization is increasingly becoming an integral component of wireless cellular networks. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) based localization algorithms presents potential for enhancing localization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Nada Bouknana , Mohsen Ahadi , Florian Kaltenberger , Robert Schmidt

This paper introduces a proactive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mobility management xApp for Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Near Real-Time Radio Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC) environments, employing Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Ali Zaidi , Aubida A. Al-Hameed , Abdelaziz Salama , Des Mclernon

Dynamic resource allocation in open radio access network (O-RAN) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) presents a complex optimisation challenge under varying user loads. We propose a near-real-time RAN intelligent controller (Near-RT RIC) xApp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oluwaseyi Giwa , Jonathan Shock , Jaco Du Toit , Tobi Awodumila

The steady evolution of the Open RAN concept sheds light on xApps and their potential use cases in O-RANcompliant deployments. There are several areas where xApps can be used that are being widely investigated, but the issue of mitigating…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Cezary Adamczyk , Adrian Kliks

Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has become an important paradigm for 5G and beyond radio access networks. This paper presents an xApp called xSlice for the Near-Real-Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) of 5G O-RANs. xSlice is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Peihao Yan , Jie Lu , Huacheng Zeng , Y. Thomas Hou

The open radio access network (O-RAN) offers new degrees of freedom for building and operating advanced cellular networks. Emphasizing on RAN disaggregation, open interfaces, multi-vendor support, and RAN intelligent controllers (RICs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Aly S. Abdalla , Joshua Moore , Nisha Adhikari , Vuk Marojevic

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) enables flexible, AI-driven control of mobile networks through disaggregated, multi-vendor components. In this architecture, xApps handle real-time functions, whereas rApps in the non-real-time controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Haiyuan Li , Yulei Wu , Dimitra Simeonidou

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is considered as a major step in the evolution of next-generation cellular networks given its support for open interfaces and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) into the deployment, operation, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Naveen Naik Sapavath , Brian Kim , Kaushik Chowdhury , Vijay K Shah