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End-to-end autonomous driving models trained solely with imitation learning (IL) often suffer from poor generalization. In contrast, reinforcement learning (RL) promotes exploration through reward maximization but faces challenges such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xiaoji Zheng , Ziyuan Yang , Yanhao Chen , Yuhang Peng , Yuanrong Tang , Gengyuan Liu , Bokui Chen , Jiangtao Gong

It is still a challenging topic to make reactive driving behaviors in complex urban environments as road users' intentions are unknown. Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) offers great potential to learn a reactive policy by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yinfeng Gao , Qichao Zhang , Da-wei Ding , Dongbin Zhao

This paper presents a safe imitation learning approach for autonomous vehicle driving, with attention on real-life human driving data and experimental validation. In order to increase occupant's acceptance and gain drivers' trust, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-11 Flavia Sofia Acerbo , Mohsen Alirezaei , Herman Van der Auweraer , Tong Duy Son

Collaborative driving aims to improve safety and efficiency by enabling connected vehicles to coordinate under partial observability. Recent approaches have evolved from sharing visual features for perception to exchanging language-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tianhao Chen , Yuheng Wu , Dongman Lee

Real-world autonomous driving (AD) especially urban driving involves many corner cases. The lately released AD simulator CARLA v2 adds 39 common events in the driving scene, and provide more quasi-realistic testbed compared to CARLA v1. It…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Qifeng Li , Xiaosong Jia , Shaobo Wang , Junchi Yan

World models learned from high-dimensional visual observations allow agents to make decisions and plan directly in latent space, avoiding pixel-level reconstruction. However, recent latent predictive architectures (JEPAs), including the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Leonardo F. Toso , Davit Shadunts , Yunyang Lu , Nihal Sharma , Donglin Zhan , Nam H. Nguyen , James Anderson

Leveraging future observation modeling to facilitate action generation presents a promising avenue for enhancing the capabilities of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. However, existing approaches struggle to strike a balance between…

End-to-end autonomous driving aims to generate safe and plausible planning policies from raw sensor input. Driving world models have shown great potential in learning rich representations by predicting the future evolution of a driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xingtai Gui , Meijie Zhang , Tianyi Yan , Wencheng Han , Jiahao Gong , Feiyang Tan , Cheng-zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen

Training self-driving cars is often challenging since they require a vast amount of labeled data in multiple real-world contexts, which is computationally and memory intensive. Researchers often resort to driving simulators to train the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Avinash Amballa , Advaith P. , Pradip Sasmal , Sumohana Channappayya

We focus on developing efficient and reliable policy optimization strategies for robot learning with real-world data. In recent years, policy gradient methods have emerged as a promising paradigm for training control policies in simulation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Tyler Westenbroek , Jacob Levy , David Fridovich-Keil

The technology for autonomous vehicles is close to replacing human drivers by artificial systems endowed with high-level decision-making capabilities. In this regard, systems must learn about the usual vehicle's behavior to predict imminent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-22 Mahdyar Ravanbakhsh , Mohamad Baydoun , Damian Campo , Pablo Marin , David Martin , Lucio Marcenaro , andCarlo Regazzoni

Planning is a powerful approach to reinforcement learning with several desirable properties. However, it requires a model of the world, which is not readily available in many real-life problems. In this paper, we propose to learn a world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Thor V. A. N. Olesen , Dennis T. T. Nguyen , Rasmus Berg Palm , Sebastian Risi

A key component in autonomous driving is the ability of the self-driving car to understand, track and predict the dynamics of the surrounding environment. Although there is significant work in the area of object detection, tracking and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Cosmin Ginerica , Mihai Zaha , Florin Gogianu , Lucian Busoniu , Bogdan Trasnea , Sorin Grigorescu

The rapid progress in embodied artificial intelligence has highlighted the necessity for more advanced and integrated models that can perceive, interpret, and predict environmental dynamics. In this context, World Models (WMs) have been…

The pursuit of autonomous agents capable of temporally coherent planning is hindered by a fundamental flaw in current vision-language models (VLMs): they lack cognitive inertia. Operating on isolated snapshots, these models cannot form a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pei Liu , Qingtian Ning , Xinyan Lu , Haipeng Liu , Weiliang Ma , Dangen She , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Jun Ma

World modelling, i.e. building a representation of the rules that govern the world so as to predict its evolution, is an essential ability for any agent interacting with the physical world. Despite their impressive performance, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Francesco Petri , Luigi Asprino , Aldo Gangemi

AI systems must adapt to evolving visual environments, especially in domains where object appearances change over time. We introduce Car Models in Time (CaMiT), a fine-grained dataset capturing the temporal evolution of car models, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Frédéric LIN , Biruk Abere Ambaw , Adrian Popescu , Hejer Ammar , Romaric Audigier , Hervé Le Borgne

Imitation learning (IL) enables agents to acquire skills directly from expert demonstrations, providing a compelling alternative to reinforcement learning. However, prior online IL approaches struggle with complex tasks characterized by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shangzhe Li , Zhiao Huang , Hao Su

The robustness of any machine learning solution is fundamentally bound by the data it was trained on. One way to generalize beyond the original training is through human-informed augmentation of the original dataset; however, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Nicholas A. Ketz , Praveen K. Pilly

Infants are experts at playing, with an amazing ability to generate novel structured behaviors in unstructured environments that lack clear extrinsic reward signals. We seek to mathematically formalize these abilities using a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Nick Haber , Damian Mrowca , Li Fei-Fei , Daniel L. K. Yamins
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