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Thermalization and scrambling are the subject of much recent study from the perspective of many-body quantum systems with locally bounded Hilbert spaces (`spin chains'), quantum field theory and holography. We tackle this problem in 1D…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-18 Curt von Keyserlingk , Tibor Rakovszky , Frank Pollmann , Shivaji Sondhi

We introduce a novel protocol, which enables Heisenberg-limited quantum-enhanced sensing using the dynamics of any interacting many-body Hamiltonian. Our approach - dubbed butterfly metrology - utilizes a single application of forward and…

The quantum neural network is one of the promising applications for near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. A quantum neural network distills the information from the input wavefunction into the output qubits. In this Letter,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-05-27 Huitao Shen , Pengfei Zhang , Yi-Zhuang You , Hui Zhai

Out-of-time ordered correlators are a probe of how the information of an initial perturbation is effectively scrambled under unitary time evolution, widely used to study quantum chaos. They have also been used to demonstrate that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-07 Dominik Szpara , Szczepan Głodzik , Nicholas Sedlmayr

Scrambling, a process in which quantum information spreads over a complex quantum system becoming inaccessible to simple probes, happens in generic chaotic quantum many-body systems, ranging from spin chains, to metals, even to black holes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-10 Shenglong Xu , Brian Swingle

Characterizing and understanding noise affecting quantum states has immense benefits in spectroscopy as well as in realizing quantum devices. Transverse relaxation times under a set of dynamical decoupling (DD) sequences with varying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-11 Deepak Khurana , Govind Unnikrishnan , T. S. Mahesh

Quantum information scrambling, typically explored in closed quantum systems, describes the spread of initially localized information throughout a system and can be quantified by measures such as the Loschmidt echo (LE) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Yi-Neng Zhou , Chang Liu

The complexity of simulating quantum many-body dynamics, or quantum computations, in the Heisenberg picture is governed by the scrambling of initially simple operators into superpositions of exponentially many Pauli strings. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Neil Dowling , Xhek Turkeshi , Jacopo De Nardis , Guglielmo Lami

Quantum small-worlds are quantum many-body systems that interpolate between completely ordered (nearest-neighbour, next-to-nearest-neighbour etc.) and completely random interactions. As such, they furnish a novel new laboratory to study…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-16 Jean-Gabriel Hartmann , Jeff Murugan , Jonathan P. Shock

We investigate the relationship between information scrambling and work statistics after a quench for the paradigmatic example of short-range interacting particles in a one-dimensional harmonic trap, considering up to five particles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-22 Mathias Mikkelsen , Thomás Fogarty , Thomas Busch

We study how probes of quantum scrambling dynamics respond to two kinds of imperfections -- unequal forward and backward evolutions and decoherence -- in a solvable Brownian circuit model. We calculate a ``renormalized'' out-of-time-order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Nadie Yiluo LiTenn , Tianci Zhou , Brian Swingle

Operator scrambling is a crucial ingredient of quantum chaos. Specifically, in the quantum chaotic system, a simple operator can become increasingly complicated under unitary time evolution. This can be diagnosed by various measures such as…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-25 Xiao Chen , Tianci Zhou

We propose and analyze a protocol to study quantum information scrambling using statistical correlations between measurements, which are performed after evolving a quantum system from randomized initial states. We prove that the resulting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Benoît Vermersch , Andreas Elben , Lukas M. Sieberer , Norman Y. Yao , Peter Zoller

Quantum operator scrambling describes the spreading of local operators into the whole system in the picture of Heisenberg evolution, which is often quantified by the operator size growth. Here we propose a measure of quantum operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Bin Sun , Geng-Bin Cao , Xi-Dan Hu , Dan-Bo Zhang

We investigate phase transitions in the encoding of quantum information in a quantum many-body system due to the competing effects of unitary scrambling and boundary dissipation. Specifically, we study the fate of quantum information in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-07 Izabella Lovas , Utkarsh Agrawal , Sagar Vijay

We explore quantum dynamics in Floquet many-body systems with local conservation laws in one spatial dimension, focusing on sectors of the Hilbert space which are highly polarized. We numerically compare the predicted charge diffusion…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-04 Xiao Chen , Rahul M. Nandkishore , Andrew Lucas

In this paper we describe an algebraic/geometrical approach to quantum scrambling. Generalized quantum subsystems are described by an hermitian-closed unital subalgebra $\cal A$ of operators evolving through a unitary channel.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Paolo Zanardi

We study scrambling, an avatar of chaos, in a weakly interacting metal in the presence of random potential disorder. It is well known that charge and heat spread via diffusion in such an interacting disordered metal. In contrast, we show…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-09-15 Aavishkar A. Patel , Debanjan Chowdhury , Subir Sachdev , Brian Swingle

There is great interest in using near-term quantum computers to simulate and study foundational problems in quantum mechanics and quantum information science, such as the scrambling measured by an out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). Here…

We study operator scrambling in quantum circuits built from `super-Clifford' gates. For such circuits it was established in arXiv:2002.12824 that the time evolution of operator entanglement for a large class of many-body operators can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Mike Blake , Noah Linden , Anthony P. Thompson
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