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A set of vectors of equal norm in $\mathbb{C}^d$ represents equiangular lines if the magnitudes of the Hermitian inner product of every pair of distinct vectors in the set are equal. The maximum size of such a set is $d^2$, and it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-23 Jonathan Jedwab , Amy Wiebe

Ramsey theory is a central and active branch of combinatorics. Although Ramsey numbers for graphs have been extensively investigated since Ramsey's work in the 1930s, there is still an exponential gap between the best known lower and upper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-03 António Girão , Gal Kronenberg , Alex Scott

As a generalization of equiangular lines, equiangular subspaces were first systematically studied by Balla, Dr\"{a}xler, Keevash and Sudakov in 2017. In this paper, we extend their work to $s$-distance subspaces, i.e., to sets of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-13 LiXia Wang , Ke Ye

We introduce a family of univariate polynomials indexed by integer partitions. At prime powers, they count the number of subspaces in a finite vector space that transform under a regular diagonal matrix in a specified manner. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Amritanshu Prasad , Samrith Ram

Erd\H{o}s and Purdy, and later Agarwal and Sharir, conjectured that any set of $n$ points in $\mathbb R^{d}$ determine at most $Cn^{d/2}$ congruent $k$-simplices for even $d$. We obtain the first significant progress towards this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Nora Frankl , Andrey Kupavskii

NOTE: Unfortunately, most of the results mentioned here were already known under the name of "d-separated interval piercing". The result that T_d(m) exists was first proved by Gya\'rfa\'s and Lehel in 1970, see [5]. Later, the result was…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-08-03 Daniel Werner , Matthias Lenz

The maximum number of vertices in a graph of maximum degree $\Delta\ge 3$ and fixed diameter $k\ge 2$ is upper bounded by $(1+o(1))(\Delta-1)^{k}$. If we restrict our graphs to certain classes, better upper bounds are known. For instance,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-14 Eran Nevo , Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio , David R. Wood

The standard approach for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrix polynomials starts by embedding the coefficients of the polynomial into a matrix pencil, known as linearization. Building on the pioneering work of Nakatsukasa and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-08-15 Javier Perez

If $L$ is a list assignment of $r$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, then an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of vertices of $G$ from their lists such that no color is used more than $\lceil n/r\rceil$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-08 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

Scheinerman and Wilf (1994) assert that `an important open problem in the study of graph embeddings is to determine the rectilinear crossing number of the complete graph K_n.' A rectilinear drawing of K_n is an arrangement of n vertices in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-10-04 Alex Brodsky , Stephane Durocher , Ellen Gethner

We prove the sufficiency of the Linear Superposition Principle for linear trees, which characterizes the spectra achievable by a real symmetric matrix whose underlying graph is a linear tree. The necessity was previously proven in 2014.…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Tanay Wakhare , Charles R. Johnson

A survey of enumeration problems arising from the study of graphs formed when the edges of a polygon are marked with evenly spaced points and every pair of points is joined by a line. A few of these problems have been solved, a classical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Lars Blomberg , Scott R. Shannon , N. J. A. Sloane

Answering a question of Erd\H{o}s and Hajnal, Chen and Ma proved that for all \(n\geq600\) every graph with \(2n + 1\) vertices and at least \(n^2 + n+1\) edges contains two vertices of equal degree connected by a path of length three. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Zhen Liu , Qinghou Zeng

In 1970 Hajnal and Szemer\'edi proved a conjecture of Erd\"os that for a graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, there exists an equitable $\Delta+1$ coloring; that is a coloring where color class sizes differ by at most $1$. In 2007 Kierstand…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Aiya Kuchukova , Will Perkins , Xavier Povill

A graph is $k$-planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that no edge is crossed more than $k$ times. While for $k=1$, optimal $1$-planar graphs, i.e., those with $n$ vertices and exactly $4n-8$ edges, have been completely characterized,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Chrysanthi N. Raftopoulou

We give a hierarchy of $k$-point bounds extending the Delsarte-Goethals-Seidel linear programming $2$-point bound and the Bachoc-Vallentin semidefinite programming $3$-point bound for spherical codes. An optimized implementation of this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-30 David de Laat , Fabrício Caluza Machado , Fernando Mário de Oliveira Filho , Frank Vallentin

Let $G$ be a finite connected graph, and let $\rho$ be the spectral radius of its universal cover. For example, if $G$ is $k$-regular then $\rho=2\sqrt{k-1}$. We show that for every $r$, there is an $r$-covering (a.k.a. an $r$-lift) of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-05 Chris Hall , Doron Puder , William F. Sawin

Recently, Alon and Frankl (JCTB, 2024) determined the maximum number of edges in $K_{\ell+1}$-free $n$-vertex graphs with bounded matching number. For integers $\ell\ge r \ge 2$, the family $\mathcal{K}_{\ell+1}^{r}$ consists of all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Caihong Yang , Jiasheng Zeng , Xiao-Dong Zhang

An $n$-correct set $\mathcal{X}$ in the plane is a set of nodes admitting unique interpolation with bivariate polynomials of total degree at most $n$. A $k$-node line is a line passing through exactly $k$ nodes of $\mathcal{X}.$ A line can…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Hakop Hakopian , Gagik Vardanyan , Navasard Vardanyan

We develop several notions of multiplicity for linear factors of multivariable polynomials over different arithmetics (hyperfields). The key example is multiplicities over the hyperfield of signs, which encapsulates the arithmetic of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Andreas Gross , Trevor Gunn