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Cardinality estimation is a fundamental functionality in database systems. Most existing cardinality estimators focus on handling predicates over numeric or categorical data. They have largely omitted an important data type, set-valued…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yufan Sheng , Xin Cao , Kaiqi Zhao , Yixiang Fang , Jianzhong Qi , Wenjie Zhang , Christian S. Jensen

For efficient query processing, DBMS query optimizers have for decades relied on delicate cardinality estimation methods. In this work, we propose an Attention-based LEarned Cardinality Estimator (ALECE for short) for SPJ queries. The core…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Pengfei Li , Wenqing Wei , Rong Zhu , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou , Hua Lu

Cardinality estimation (CE), the task of predicting the result size of queries is a critical component of query optimization. Accurate estimates are essential for generating efficient query execution plans. Recently, machine learning…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Lankadinee Rathuwadu , Guanli Liu , Christopher Leckie , Renata Borovica-Gajic

Modern Cardinality Estimators struggle with data updates. This research tackles this challenge within single-table. We introduce ICE, an Index-based Cardinality Estimator, the first data-driven estimator that enables instant, tuple-leveled…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yingze Li , Xianglong Liu , Hongzhi Wang , Kaixin Zhang , Zixuan Wang

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental but long unresolved problem in query optimization. Recently, multiple papers from different research groups consistently report that learned models have the potential to replace existing cardinality…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Xiaoying Wang , Changbo Qu , Weiyuan Wu , Jiannan Wang , Qingqing Zhou

Cardinality estimation (CardEst) plays a significant role in generating high-quality query plans for a query optimizer in DBMS. In the last decade, an increasing number of advanced CardEst methods (especially ML-based) have been proposed…

We implement and evaluate deep learning for cardinality estimation by studying the accuracy, space and time trade-offs across several architectures. We find that simple deep learning models can learn cardinality estimations across a variety…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Jennifer Ortiz , Magdalena Balazinska , Johannes Gehrke , S. Sathiya Keerthi

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental task in database management systems, aiming to predict query results accurately without executing the queries. However, existing techniques either achieve low estimation accuracy or incur high…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yaoyu Zhu , Jintao Zhang , Guoliang Li , Jianhua Feng

In this paper we address cardinality estimation problem which is an important subproblem in query optimization. Query optimization is a part of every relational DBMS responsible for finding the best way of the execution for the given query.…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Oleg Ivanov , Sergey Bartunov

The cardinality estimation is a key aspect of query optimization research, and its performance has significantly improved with the integration of machine learning. To overcome the "cold start" problem or the lack of model transferability in…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Boyang Fang

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental task in database query processing and optimization. As shown in recent papers, machine learning (ML)-based approaches can deliver more accurate cardinality estimations than traditional approaches.…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Lucas Woltmann , Claudio Hartmann , Dirk Habich , Wolfgang Lehner

Cardinality estimation (CardEst) is essential for optimizing query execution plans. Recent ML-based CardEst methods achieve high accuracy but face deployment challenges due to high preparation costs and lack of transferability across…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Tianjing Zeng , Junwei Lan , Jiahong Ma , Wenqing Wei , Rong Zhu , Pengfei Li , Bolin Ding , Defu Lian , Zhewei Wei , Jingren Zhou

Modern database optimizer relies on cardinality estimator, whose accuracy directly affects the optimizer's ability to choose an optimal execution plan. Recent work on data-driven methods has leveraged probabilistic models to achieve higher…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Xiao Yan , Tiezheng Nie , Boyang Fang , Derong Shen , Kou Yue , Yu Ge

Cardinality estimation is crucial for enabling high query performance in relational databases. Recently learned cardinality estimation models have been proposed to improve accuracy but there is no systematic benchmark or datasets which…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yannis Chronis , Yawen Wang , Yu Gan , Sami Abu-El-Haija , Chelsea Lin , Carsten Binnig , Fatma Özcan

Cardinality estimation (CardEst) is a critical aspect of query optimization. Traditionally, it leverages statistics built directly over the data. However, organizational policies (e.g., regulatory compliance) may restrict global data…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Peizhi Wu , Rong Kang , Tieying Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Ryan Marcus , Zachary G. Ives

Cardinality estimation is a critical component and a longstanding challenge in modern data warehouses. ByteHouse, ByteDance's cloud-native engine for extensive data analysis in exabyte-scale environments, serves numerous internal…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yuxing Han , Haoyu Wang , Lixiang Chen , Yifeng Dong , Xing Chen , Benquan Yu , Chengcheng Yang , Weining Qian

Cardinality estimation has long been grounded in statistical tools for density estimation. To capture the rich multivariate distributions of relational tables, we propose the use of a new type of high-capacity statistical model: deep…

Recently, an increasingly growing number of companies is focusing on achieving self-driving systems towards SAE level 3 and higher. Such systems will have much more complex capabilities than today's advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Federico Giaimo , Hugo Andrade , Christian Berger

Cardinality estimation is a key component of database query optimization. Recent studies have demonstrated that learned cardinality estimation techniques can surpass traditional methods in accuracy. However, a significant barrier to their…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Lyu Yi , Weiqi Feng , Yuanbiao Wang , Yuhong Kan

Cardinality estimation (CardEst) is an essential component in query optimizers and a fundamental problem in DBMS. A desired CardEst method should attain good algorithm performance, be stable to varied data settings, and be friendly to…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Ziniu Wu , Amir Shaikhha , Rong Zhu , Kai Zeng , Yuxing Han , Jingren Zhou
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