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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a powerful and widely used approach for improving large language models by grounding generation in retrieved evidence. However, RAG systems still produce incorrect answers in many cases. Why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Zhibo Zhang , Nuohan Lin , Shenglai Zeng , Jie Ren , Haoyu Han , Jiliang Tang

Manually generating access control policies from an organization's high-level requirement specifications poses significant challenges. It requires laborious efforts to sift through multiple documents containing such specifications and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Sakuna Harinda Jayasundara , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is essential for integrating external knowledge into Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. While the literature on RAG is growing, it primarily focuses on systematic reviews and comparisons of new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Matouš Eibich , Shivay Nagpal , Alexander Fred-Ojala

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a common method for integrating external knowledge into pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance accuracy and relevancy in question answering (QA) tasks. However, prompt engineering and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Isaac Chung , Phat Vo , Arman C. Kizilkale , Aaron Reite

Recent advances in graph learning have paved the way for innovative retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems that leverage the inherent relational structures in graph data. However, many existing approaches suffer from rigid, fixed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuan Li , Jun Hu , Jiaxin Jiang , Zemin Liu , Bryan Hooi , Bingsheng He

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li

This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taehee Jeong , Xingzhe Zhao , Peizu Li , Markus Valvur , Weihua Zhao

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have fundamentally shifted recommender systems from discriminative to generative paradigms, where user behavior modeling is achieved by generating target items conditioned on historical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Junfei Tan , Yuxin Chen , An Zhang , Junguang Jiang , Bin Liu , Ziru Xu , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiang Wang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has advanced software engineering tasks but remains underexplored in unit test generation. To bridge this gap, we investigate the efficacy of RAG-based unit test generation for machine learning (ML/DL)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiho Shin , Nima Shiri Harzevili , Reem Aleithan , Hadi Hemmati , Song Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted approach to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge and reducing hallucinations. However, noisy or irrelevant documents are often introduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jingyu Liu , Jiaen Lin , Yong Liu

Dynamic retrieval augmented generation (RAG) paradigm actively decides when and what to retrieve during the text generation process of Large Language Models (LLMs). There are two key elements of this paradigm: identifying the optimal moment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Zhijing Wu , Yiqun Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems traditionally treat retrieval and generation as separate processes, requiring explicit textual queries to connect them. This separation can limit the ability of models to generalize across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Wenzheng Zhang , Xi Victoria Lin , Karl Stratos , Wen-tau Yih , Mingda Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has greatly improved large language models (LLMs) by enabling them to generate accurate, contextually grounded responses through the integration of external information. However, conventional RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jiatao Li , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

Large language models achieve high task performance yet often hallucinate or rely on outdated knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses these gaps by coupling generation with external search. We analyse how hyperparameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Adel Ammar , Anis Koubaa , Omer Nacar , Wadii Boulila

The quality of answers generated by large language models (LLMs) in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is largely influenced by the contextual information contained in the retrieved documents. A key challenge for improving RAG is to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Fangzheng Tian , Debasis Ganguly , Craig Macdonald

Recent advances in large-scale pre-training such as GPT-3 allow seemingly high quality text to be generated from a given prompt. However, such generation systems often suffer from problems of hallucinated facts, and are not inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Yizhe Zhang , Siqi Sun , Xiang Gao , Yuwei Fang , Chris Brockett , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Bill Dolan

Query expansion with pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) is a powerful approach to enhance the effectiveness in information retrieval. Recently, with the rapid advance of deep learning techniques, neural text generation has achieved promising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Minghui Huang , Dong Wang , Shuang Liu , Meizhen Ding

Recently, retrieval-augmented text generation attracted increasing attention of the computational linguistics community. Compared with conventional generation models, retrieval-augmented text generation has remarkable advantages and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Huayang Li , Yixuan Su , Deng Cai , Yan Wang , Lemao Liu
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