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We introduce new methods of staining and locking computer vision models, to protect their owners' intellectual property. Staining, also known as watermarking, embeds secret behaviour into a model which can later be used to identify it,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Oliver J. Sutton , Qinghua Zhou , George Leete , Alexander N. Gorban , Ivan Y. Tyukin

Recent years have seen a surge in interest in digital content watermarking techniques, driven by the proliferation of generative models and increased legal pressure. With an ever-growing percentage of AI-generated content available online,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, with applications spanning a wide range of fields, including sentiment classification, review generation, and question answering. Due to their efficiency and versatility,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yugeng Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Michael Backes , Zheng Li , Yang Zhang

Dataset ownership verification, the process of determining if a dataset is used in a model's training data, is necessary for detecting unauthorized data usage and data contamination. Existing approaches, such as backdoor watermarking, rely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wassim Bouaziz , Nicolas Usunier , El-Mahdi El-Mhamdi

When data is publicly released for human consumption, it is unclear how to prevent its unauthorized usage for machine learning purposes. Successful model training may be preventable with carefully designed dataset modifications, and we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Ivan Evtimov , Ian Covert , Aditya Kusupati , Tadayoshi Kohno

Real-world data is often incomplete and contains missing values. To train accurate models over real-world datasets, users need to spend a substantial amount of time and resources imputing and finding proper values for missing data items. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-05 Cheng Zhen , Nischal Aryal , Arash Termehchy , Alireza Aghasi , Amandeep Singh Chabada

To gather a significant quantity of annotated training data for high-performance image classification models, numerous companies opt to enlist third-party providers to label their unlabeled data. This practice is widely regarded as secure,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dazhong Rong , Guoyao Yu , Shuheng Shen , Xinyi Fu , Peng Qian , Jianhai Chen , Qinming He , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang

Being trained on large and vast datasets, visual foundation models (VFMs) can be fine-tuned for diverse downstream tasks, achieving remarkable performance and efficiency in various computer vision applications. The high computation cost of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Anna Chistyakova , Mikhail Pautov

Deep neural networks are valuable assets considering their commercial benefits and huge demands for costly annotation and computation resources. To protect the copyright of DNNs, backdoor-based ownership verification becomes popular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Guanhao Gan , Yiming Li , Dongxian Wu , Shu-Tao Xia

To comply with AI and data regulations, the need to forget private or copyrighted information from trained machine learning models is increasingly important. The key challenge in unlearning is forgetting the necessary data in a timely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jack Foster , Kyle Fogarty , Stefan Schoepf , Zack Dugue , Cengiz Öztireli , Alexandra Brintrup

Reliable models should not only predict correctly, but also justify decisions with acceptable evidence. Yet conventional supervised learning typically provides only class-level labels, allowing models to achieve high accuracy through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ruoyu Chen , Shangquan Sun , Xiaoqing Guo , Sanyi Zhang , Kangwei Liu , Shiming Liu , Zhangcheng Wang , Qunli Zhang , Hua Zhang , Xiaochun Cao

We introduce a new class of attacks on machine learning models. We show that an adversary who can poison a training dataset can cause models trained on this dataset to leak significant private details of training points belonging to other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Florian Tramèr , Reza Shokri , Ayrton San Joaquin , Hoang Le , Matthew Jagielski , Sanghyun Hong , Nicholas Carlini

Tree-Ring Watermarking is a significant technique for authenticating AI-generated images. However, its effectiveness in rectified flow-based models remains unexplored, particularly given the inherent challenges of these models with noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ved Umrajkar , Aakash Kumar Singh

While being deployed in many critical applications as core components, machine learning (ML) models are vulnerable to various security and privacy attacks. One major privacy attack in this domain is membership inference, where an adversary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Yang Zou , Zhikun Zhang , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Text-to-image models have recently made significant advances in generating realistic and semantically coherent images, driven by advanced diffusion models and large-scale web-crawled datasets. However, these datasets often contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Byeonghu Na , Mina Kang , Jiseok Kwak , Minsang Park , Jiwoo Shin , SeJoon Jun , Gayoung Lee , Jin-Hwa Kim , Il-Chul Moon

Diffusion models have gained prominence in the image domain for their capabilities in data generation and transformation, achieving state-of-the-art performance in various tasks in both image and audio domains. In the rapidly evolving field…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xirong Cao , Xiang Li , Divyesh Jadav , Yanzhao Wu , Zhehui Chen , Chen Zeng , Wenqi Wei

Machine learning models have been shown to leak information violating the privacy of their training set. We focus on membership inference attacks on machine learning models which aim to determine whether a data point was used to train the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Shadi Rahimian , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Mario Fritz

Text-to-image models are trained using large datasets of image-text pairs collected from the internet. These datasets often include copyrighted and private images. Training models on such datasets enables them to generate images that might…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Sahil Verma , Royi Rassin , Arnav Das , Gantavya Bhatt , Preethi Seshadri , Chirag Shah , Jeff Bilmes , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Yanai Elazar

Watermarking of deep neural networks (DNNs) has gained significant traction in recent years, with numerous (watermarking) strategies being proposed as mechanisms that can help verify the ownership of a DNN in scenarios where these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Giulio Pagnotta , Dorjan Hitaj , Briland Hitaj , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Luigi V. Mancini
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