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Humanoid robots are made to resemble humans but their locomotion abilities are far from ours in terms of agility and versatility. When humans walk on complex terrains, or face external disturbances, they combine a set of strategies,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mohammadreza Kasaei , Miguel Abreu , Nuno Lau , Artur Pereira , Luis Paulo Reis

We present a new open-source torque-controlled legged robot system, with a low-cost and low-complexity actuator module at its core. It consists of a high-torque brushless DC motor and a low-gear-ratio transmission suitable for impedance and…

In nature, animals with exceptional locomotion abilities, such as cougars, often possess asymmetric fore and hind legs. This observation inspired us: could optimizing the leg length of quadruped robots endow them with similar locomotive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Ci Chen , Jiyu Yu , Haojian Lu , Hongbo Gao , Rong Xiong , Yue Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great potential in enabling quadruped robots to perform agile locomotion. However, directly training policies to simultaneously handle dual extreme challenges, i.e., extreme underactuation and extreme…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Ziang Zheng , Guojian Zhan , Shiqi Liu , Yao Lyu , Tao Zhang , Shengbo Eben Li

Quadrupedal robots hold promising potential for applications in navigating cluttered environments with resilience akin to their animal counterparts. However, their floating base configuration makes them vulnerable to real-world…

State-of-the-art reinforcement learning is now able to learn versatile locomotion, balancing and push-recovery capabilities for bipedal robots in simulation. Yet, the reality gap has mostly been overlooked and the simulated results hardly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Alexis Duburcq , Fabian Schramm , Guilhem Boéris , Nicolas Bredeche , Yann Chevaleyre

Humanoid robots deployed in industrial environments are required to perform load-carrying transportation tasks that tightly couple locomotion and manipulation. However, achieving stable and robust locomotion under varying payloads and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lequn Fu , Yijun Zhong , Xiao Li , Yibin Liu , Zhiyuan Xu , Jian Tang , Shiqi Li

Jumping is essential for legged robots to traverse through difficult terrains. In this work, we propose a hierarchical framework that combines optimal control and reinforcement learning to learn continuous jumping motions for quadrupedal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Yuxiang Yang , Xiangyun Meng , Wenhao Yu , Tingnan Zhang , Jie Tan , Byron Boots

We present a framework for learning a single policy capable of producing all quadruped gaits and transitions. The framework consists of a policy trained with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to modulate the parameters of a system of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Guillaume Bellegarda , Milad Shafiee , Auke Ijspeert

Not until recently, robust bipedal locomotion has been achieved through reinforcement learning. However, existing implementations rely heavily on insights and efforts from human experts, which is costly for the iterative design of robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Qi Wu , Chong Zhang , Yanchen Liu

Hexapod robots are potentially suitable for carrying out tasks in cluttered environments since they are stable, compact, and light weight. They also have multi-joint legs and variable height bodies that make them good candidates for tasks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tomson Qu , Dichen Li , Avideh Zakhor , Wenhao Yu , Tingnan Zhang

Quadrupedal robots are increasingly deployed for load-carrying tasks across diverse terrains. While Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based methods can account for payload variations, they often depend on predefined gait schedules or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Vamshi Kumar Kurva , Shishir Kolathaya

Quadrupedal animals employ diverse galloping strategies to optimize speed, stability, and energy efficiency. However, the biomechanical mechanisms that enable adaptive gait transitions during high-speed locomotion under load remain poorly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Jiayu Ding , Benjamin Seleb , Heather J. Huson , Saad Bhamla , Zhenyu Gan

The design of feedback controllers for bipedal robots is challenging due to the hybrid nature of its dynamics and the complexity imposed by high-dimensional bipedal models. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the design of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Ayonga Hereid , Wei Zhang

We introduce Reduced-Order Model-Guided Reinforcement Learning (ROM-GRL), a two-stage reinforcement learning framework for humanoid walking that requires no motion capture data or elaborate reward shaping. In the first stage, a compact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Shuai Liu , Meng Cheng Lau

Humanoid locomotion has advanced rapidly with deep reinforcement learning (DRL), enabling robust feet-based traversal over uneven terrain. Yet platforms beyond leg length remain largely out of reach because current RL training paradigms…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yikai Wang , Tingxuan Leng , Changyi Lin , Shiqi Liu , Shir Simon , Bingqing Chen , Jonathan Francis , Ding Zhao

The waist plays a crucial role in the agile movement of many animals in nature. It provides the torso with additional degrees of freedom and flexibility, inspiring researchers to incorporate this biological feature into robotic structures…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Quancheng Qian , Xiaoyi Wei , Zonghao Zhang , Jiaxin Tu , Yueqi Zhang , Taixian Hou , Xiaofei Gao , Peng Zhai , Lihua Zhang

In this paper, we propose a robust controller that achieves natural and stably fast locomotion on a real blind quadruped robot. With only proprioceptive information, the quadruped robot can move at a maximum speed of 10 times its body…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Xu Chang , Zhitong Zhang , Honglei An , Hongxu Ma , Qing Wei

Legged robots possess inherent advantages in traversing complex 3D terrains. However, previous work on low-cost quadruped robots with egocentric vision systems has been limited by a narrow front-facing view and exteroceptive noise,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Songbo Li , Shixin Luo , Jun Wu , Qiuguo Zhu

Achieving robust legged locomotion on complex terrains poses challenges due to the high uncertainty in robot-environment interactions. Recent advances in bipedal and quadrupedal robots demonstrate good mobility on rugged terrains but rely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Juntao He , Baxi Chong , Jianfeng Lin , Zhaochen Xu , Hosain Bagheri , Esteban Flores , Daniel I. Goldman