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Deep Learning (DL) , a variant of the neural network algorithms originally proposed in the 1980s, has made surprising progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), ranging from language translation, protein folding, autonomous cars, and more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Stephen Josè Hanson , Vivek Yadav , Catherine Hanson

Sequential recommendation predicts users' next behaviors with their historical interactions. Recommending with longer sequences improves recommendation accuracy and increases the degree of personalization. As sequences get longer, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Qianying Lin , Wen-Ji Zhou , Yanshi Wang , Qing Da , Qing-Guo Chen , Bing Wang

The standard Hopfield model for associative neural networks accounts for biological Hebbian learning and acts as the harmonic oscillator for pattern recognition, however its maximal storage capacity is $\alpha \sim 0.14$, far from the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Alberto Fachechi , Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra

Memory-augmented spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient neuromorphic computing, yet their generalization across sensory modalities remains unexplored. We present the first comprehensive cross-modal ablation study of memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Effiong Blessing , Chiung-Yi Tseng , Somshubhra Roy , Junaid Rehman , Isaac Nkrumah

A model of associative memory is studied, which stores and reliably retrieves many more patterns than the number of neurons in the network. We propose a simple duality between this dense associative memory and neural networks commonly used…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Dmitry Krotov , John J Hopfield

Continual learning is the sequential learning of different tasks by a machine learning model. Continual learning is known to be hindered by catastrophic interference or forgetting, i.e. rapid unlearning of earlier learned tasks when new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Heinrich van Deventer , Anna Sergeevna Bosman

Continual learning is an essential capability of human cognition, yet it poses significant challenges for current deep learning models. The primary issue is that new knowledge can interfere with previously learned information, causing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Eric Nuertey Coleman , Luigi Quarantiello , Samrat Mukherjee , Julio Hurtado , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Associative memories in the brain receive and store patterns of activity registered by the sensory neurons, and are able to retrieve them when necessary. Due to their importance in human intelligence, computational models of associative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Tommaso Salvatori , Yuhang Song , Yujian Hong , Simon Frieder , Lei Sha , Zhenghua Xu , Rafal Bogacz , Thomas Lukasiewicz

The Transformer architecture, underpinned by the self-attention mechanism, has become the de facto standard for sequence modeling tasks. However, its core computational primitive scales quadratically with sequence length (O(N^2)), creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rishiraj Acharya

This paper introduces a learning framework for Three-Directional Associative Memory (TAM) models, extending the classical Hebbian paradigm to both supervised and unsupervised protocols within an hetero-associative setting. These neural…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-25 Andrea Alessandrelli , Adriano Barra , Andrea Ladiana , Andrea Lepre , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

Forming accurate memory of sequential stimuli is a fundamental function of biological agents. However, the computational mechanism underlying sequential memory in the brain remains unclear. Inspired by neuroscience theories and recent…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-27 Mufeng Tang , Helen Barron , Rafal Bogacz

A ternary/binary data coding algorithm and conditions under which Hopfield networks implement optimal convolutional or Hamming decoding algorithms has been described. Using the coding/decoding approach (an optimal Binary Signal Detection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Petro M. Gopych

The self-attention mechanism has emerged as a critical component for improving the performance of various backbone neural networks. However, current mainstream approaches individually incorporate newly designed self-attention modules (SAMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Zhongzhan Huang , Senwei Liang , Mingfu Liang , Liang Lin

Learning new tasks and skills in succession without losing prior learning (i.e., catastrophic forgetting) is a computational challenge for both artificial and biological neural networks, yet artificial systems struggle to achieve parity…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Brian S. Robinson , Clare W. Lau , Alexander New , Shane M. Nichols , Erik C. Johnson , Michael Wolmetz , William G. Coon

Deep artificial neural networks famously struggle to learn from non-stationary streams of data. Without dedicated mitigation strategies, continual learning is associated with continuous forgetting of previous tasks and a progressive loss of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-29 Suzanne van der Veldt , Gido M. van de Ven , Sanne Moorman , Guillaume Etter

Mining tasks over sequential data, such as clickstreams and gene sequences, require a careful design of embeddings usable by learning algorithms. Recent research in feature learning has been extended to sequential data, where each instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Zhongfang Zhuang , Xiangnan Kong , Elke Rundensteiner , Jihane Zouaoui , Aditya Arora

Learning deep representations to solve complex machine learning tasks has become the prominent trend in the past few years. Indeed, Deep Neural Networks are now the golden standard in domains as various as computer vision, natural language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Vincent Gripon , Carlos Lassance , Ghouthi Boukli Hacene

Brain-inspired computing aims to mimic cognitive functions like associative memory, the ability to recall complete patterns from partial cues. Memristor technology offers promising hardware for such neuromorphic systems due to its potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chengping He , Mingrui Jiang , Keyi Shan , Szu-Hao Yang , Zefan Li , Shengbo Wang , Giacomo Pedretti , Jim Ignowski , Can Li

We model human and animal learning by computing with high-dimensional vectors (H = 10,000 for example). The architecture resembles traditional (von Neumann) computing with numbers, but the instructions refer to vectors and operate on them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pentti Kanerva

Continual learning is considered a promising step towards next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI), where deep neural networks (DNNs) make decisions by continuously learning a sequence of different tasks akin to human learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Yuyang Gao , Giorgio A. Ascoli , Liang Zhao