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We study an important variant of the stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, which takes penalization into consideration. Instead of directly maximizing cumulative expected reward, we need to balance between the total reward and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-16 Guanhua Fang , Ping Li , Gennady Samorodnitsky

We study the problem of federated stochastic multi-arm contextual bandits with unknown contexts, in which M agents are faced with different bandits and collaborate to learn. The communication model consists of a central server and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Jiabin Lin , Shana Moothedath

We review and conceptualize recent advances in causal inference under network interference, drawing on a complex and diverse body of work that ranges from causal inference, statistical network analysis, economics, the health sciences, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-12 Subhankar Bhadra , Michael Schweinberger

Designing causal bandit algorithms depends on two central categories of assumptions: (i) the extent of information about the underlying causal graphs and (ii) the extent of information about interventional statistical models. There have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-05 Zirui Yan , Ali Tajer

In production systems, contextual bandit approaches often rely on direct reward models that take both action and context as input. However, these models can suffer from confounding, making it difficult to isolate the effect of the action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Alexandre Gilotte , Otmane Sakhi , Imad Aouali , Benjamin Heymann

Contextual bandit algorithms have become widely used for recommendation in online systems (e.g. marketplaces, music streaming, news), where they now wield substantial influence on which items get exposed to the users. This raises questions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Lequn Wang , Yiwei Bai , Wen Sun , Thorsten Joachims

Leveraging offline data is an attractive way to accelerate online sequential decision-making. However, it is crucial to account for latent states in users or environments in the offline data, and latent bandits form a compelling model for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chinmaya Kausik , Kevin Tan , Ambuj Tewari

This paper considers the contextual multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem with fairness and privacy guarantees in a federated environment. We consider merit-based exposure as the desired fair outcome, which provides exposure to each action in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Sambhav Solanki , Shweta Jain , Sujit Gujar

A fundamental question for companies with large amount of logged data is: How to use such logged data together with incoming streaming data to make good decisions? Many companies currently make decisions via online A/B tests, but wrong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Li Ye , Yishi Lin , Hong Xie , John C. S. Lui

The principle of optimism in the face of uncertainty is one of the most widely used and successful ideas in multi-armed bandits and reinforcement learning. However, existing optimistic algorithms (primarily UCB and its variants) often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yunbei Xu , Assaf Zeevi

In this work, we investigate the problem of adapting to the presence or absence of causal structure in multi-armed bandit problems. In addition to the usual reward signal, we assume the learner has access to additional variables, observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ziyi Liu , Idan Attias , Daniel M. Roy

While significant progress has been made in designing algorithms that minimize regret in online decision-making, real-world scenarios often introduce additional complexities, perhaps the most challenging of which is missing outcomes.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-11 Ilia Mahrooghi , Mahshad Moradi , Sina Akbari , Negar Kiyavash

In combinatorial causal bandits (CCB), the learning agent chooses at most $K$ variables in each round to intervene, collects feedback from the observed variables, with the goal of minimizing expected regret on the target variable $Y$. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Shi Feng , Wei Chen

We study nonparametric contextual bandits under batch constraints, where the expected reward for each action is modeled as a smooth function of covariates, and the policy updates are made at the end of each batch of observations. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-06 Rong Jiang , Cong Ma

Contextual bandits have become an increasingly popular solution for personalized recommender systems. Despite their growing use, the interpretability of these systems remains a significant challenge, particularly for the often non-expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Andrew Maher , Matia Gobbo , Lancelot Lachartre , Subash Prabanantham , Rowan Swiers , Puli Liyanagama

In-context learning is a key paradigm in large language models (LLMs) that enables them to generalize to new tasks and domains by simply prompting these models with a few exemplars without explicit parameter updates. Many attempts have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Siyan Zhao , Tung Nguyen , Aditya Grover

Bandit learning is characterized by the tension between long-term exploration and short-term exploitation. However, as has recently been noted, in settings in which the choices of the learning algorithm correspond to important decisions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Sampath Kannan , Jamie Morgenstern , Aaron Roth , Bo Waggoner , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Sequential decision-making is central to sustainable agricultural management and precision agriculture, where resource inputs must be optimized under uncertainty and over time. However, such decisions must often be made with limited…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-24 Sakshi Arya , Wentao Lin

We consider the problem of contextual bandits where actions are subsets of a ground set and mean rewards are modeled by an unknown monotone submodular function that belongs to a class $\mathcal{F}$. We allow time-varying matroid constraints…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Dean P. Foster , Alexander Rakhlin

Bandit is a framework for designing sequential experiments. In each experiment, a learner selects an arm $A \in \mathcal{A}$ and obtains an observation corresponding to $A$. Theoretically, the tight regret lower-bound for the general bandit…

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