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This paper presents CLEAR, a retrieval model that seeks to complement classical lexical exact-match models such as BM25 with semantic matching signals from a neural embedding matching model. CLEAR explicitly trains the neural embedding to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Luyu Gao , Zhuyun Dai , Tongfei Chen , Zhen Fan , Benjamin Van Durme , Jamie Callan

The technique of Cross-Lingual Word Embedding (CLWE) plays a fundamental role in tackling Natural Language Processing challenges for low-resource languages. Its dominant approaches assumed that the relationship between embeddings could be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Xutan Peng , Mark Stevenson , Chenghua Lin , Chen Li

Bilingual word embeddings, which representlexicons of different languages in a shared em-bedding space, are essential for supporting se-mantic and knowledge transfers in a variety ofcross-lingual NLP tasks. Existing approachesto training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Weijia Shi , Muhao Chen , Yingtao Tian , Kai-Wei Chang

Self-supervised speaker embeddings are widely used in speaker verification systems, but prior work has shown that they often encode sensitive demographic attributes, raising fairness and privacy concerns. This paper investigates the extent…

Lexical difficulty prediction is a fundamental problem in language learning and readability assessment, requiring models to estimate word difficulty across different first-language (L1) backgrounds. However, existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wicaksono Leksono Muhamad , Joanito Agili Lopo , Tsamarah Rana Nugraha , Ahmad Cahyono Adi , Muhammad Oriza Nurfajri

Word embeddings have been shown to produce remarkable results in tackling a vast majority of NLP related tasks. Unfortunately, word embeddings also capture the stereotypical biases that are prevalent in society, affecting the predictive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Navya Yarrabelly , Vinay Damodaran , Feng-Guang Su

With the emerging branch of incorporating factual knowledge into pre-trained language models such as BERT, most existing models consider shallow, static, and separately pre-trained entity embeddings, which limits the performance gains of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Tianxiang Sun , Yunfan Shao , Xipeng Qiu , Qipeng Guo , Yaru Hu , Xuanjing Huang , Zheng Zhang

This paper presents a new technique for creating monolingual and cross-lingual meta-embeddings. Our method integrates multiple word embeddings created from complementary techniques, textual sources, knowledge bases and languages. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Iker García-Ferrero , Rodrigo Agerri , German Rigau

Embeddings are functions that map raw input data to low-dimensional vector representations, while preserving important semantic information about the inputs. Pre-training embeddings on a large amount of unlabeled data and fine-tuning them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Congzheng Song , Ananth Raghunathan

Word alignment over parallel corpora has a wide variety of applications, including learning translation lexicons, cross-lingual transfer of language processing tools, and automatic evaluation or analysis of translation outputs. The great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zi-Yi Dou , Graham Neubig

Semantic communications will play a critical role in enabling goal-oriented services over next-generation wireless systems. However, most prior art in this domain is restricted to specific applications (e.g., text or image), and it does not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Mohammad Karimzadeh Farshbafan , Walid Saad , Merouane Debbah

Despite their remarkable ability to capture linguistic nuances across diverse languages, questions persist regarding the degree of alignment between languages in multilingual embeddings. Drawing inspiration from research on high-dimensional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Basel Mousi , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , Majd Hawasly , Ahmed Abdelali

Multi-class semantic segmentation remains a cornerstone challenge in computer vision. Yet, dataset creation remains excessively demanding in time and effort, especially for specialized domains. Active Learning (AL) mitigates this challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Fei Wu , Pablo Marquez-Neila , Hedyeh Rafi-Tarii , Raphael Sznitman

Word alignment which aims to extract lexicon translation equivalents between source and target sentences, serves as a fundamental tool for natural language processing. Recent studies in this area have yielded substantial improvements by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Siyu Lai , Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Ensuring that neural models used in real-world applications cannot infer sensitive information, such as demographic attributes like gender or race, from text representations is a critical challenge when fairness is a concern. We address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Antoine Saillenfest , Pirmin Lemberger

Deep Metric Learning (DML) proposes to learn metric spaces which encode semantic similarities as embedding space distances. These spaces should be transferable to classes beyond those seen during training. Commonly, DML methods task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Karsten Roth , Oriol Vinyals , Zeynep Akata

Text semantic matching is a fundamental task that has been widely used in various scenarios, such as community question answering, information retrieval, and recommendation. Most state-of-the-art matching models, e.g., BERT, directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Yicheng Zou , Hongwei Liu , Tao Gui , Junzhe Wang , Qi Zhang , Meng Tang , Haixiang Li , Daniel Wang

Scientific discovery increasingly requires learning on federated datasets, fed by streams from high-resolution instruments, that have extreme class imbalance. Current ML approaches either require impractical data aggregation or fail due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Md Anwar Hossen , Nathan R. Tallent , Luanzheng Guo , Ali Jannesary

With widening deployments of natural language processing (NLP) in daily life, inherited social biases from NLP models have become more severe and problematic. Previous studies have shown that word embeddings trained on human-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Lei Ding , Dengdeng Yu , Jinhan Xie , Wenxing Guo , Shenggang Hu , Meichen Liu , Linglong Kong , Hongsheng Dai , Yanchun Bao , Bei Jiang

Recent advances in cross-lingual word embeddings have primarily relied on mapping-based methods, which project pretrained word embeddings from different languages into a shared space through a linear transformation. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Ali Sabet , Prakhar Gupta , Jean-Baptiste Cordonnier , Robert West , Martin Jaggi