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Performing tasks on the web presents fundamental challenges to large language models (LLMs), including combinatorially large open-world tasks and variations across web interfaces. Simply specifying a large prompt to handle all possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Paloma Sodhi , S. R. K. Branavan , Yoav Artzi , Ryan McDonald

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has showcased remarkable capacities for logical reasoning and natural language comprehension. These capabilities can be leveraged in solutions that semantically and textually model complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Syed Mekael Wasti , Ken Q. Pu , Ali Neshati

This paper introduces a novel Large Language Models (LLMs)-assisted agent that automatically converts natural-language descriptions of power system optimization scenarios into compact, solver-ready formulations and generates corresponding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yunkai Hu , Tianqiao Zhao , Meng Yue

Web automation employs intelligent agents to execute high-level tasks by mimicking human interactions with web interfaces. Despite the capabilities of recent Large Language Model (LLM)-based web agents, navigating complex, real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jiayuan Zhang , Kaiquan Chen , Zhihao Lu , Enshen Zhou , Qian Yu , Jing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across diverse tasks, yet their effectiveness frequently depends on costly commercial APIs or cloud services. Model selection thus entails a critical trade-off between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuanzhe Shen , Yide Liu , Zisu Huang , Ruicheng Yin , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

The emergence of AI-driven web automation through Large Language Models (LLMs) offers unprecedented opportunities for optimizing digital workflows. However, deploying such systems within industry's real-world environments presents four core…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ankur Tomar , Hengyue Liang , Indranil Bhattacharya , Natalia Larios , Francesco Carbone

Web agents have emerged as a promising direction to automate Web task completion based on user instructions, significantly enhancing user experience. Recently, Web agents have evolved from traditional agents to Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Hongru Cai , Yongqi Li , Wenjie Wang , Fengbin Zhu , Xiaoyu Shen , Wenjie Li , Tat-Seng Chua

We introduce MacroBench, a code-first benchmark that evaluates whether LLMs can synthesize reusable browser-automation programs (macros) from natural-language goals by reading HTML/DOM and emitting Selenium. MacroBench instantiates seven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hyunjun Kim , Sejong Kim

The paper investigates using a Large Language Model (LLM) to automatically perform web software tasks using click, scroll, and text input operations. Previous approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) or imitation learning, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Heyi Tao , Sethuraman T , Michal Shlapentokh-Rothman , Derek Hoiem

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a new era marked by the development of autonomous applications in real-world scenarios, which drives innovation in creating advanced web agents. Existing web agents typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Yong Dai , Hongming Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

Automated web application testing is a critical component of modern software development, with frameworks like Selenium widely adopted for validating functionality through browser automation. Among the essential aspects of such testing is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Nguyen-Khang Le , Hiep Nguyen , Ngoc-Minh Nguyen , Son T. Luu , Trung Vo , Quan Minh Bui , Shoshin Nomura , Le-Minh Nguyen

This paper focuses on extending the success of large language models (LLMs) to sequential decision making. Existing efforts either (i) re-train or finetune LLMs for decision making, or (ii) design prompts for pretrained LLMs. The former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dingyang Chen , Qi Zhang , Yinglun Zhu

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLM) has also resulted in an equivalent proliferation in its applications. Software design, being one, has gained tremendous benefits in using LLMs as an interface component that extends fixed user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Claudionor N. Coelho , Hanchen Xiong , Tushar Karayil , Sree Koratala , Rex Shang , Jacob Bollinger , Mohamed Shabar , Syam Nair

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

The application of large language models (LLMs) in the field of coding is evolving rapidly: from code assistants, to autonomous coding agents, and then to generating complete projects through natural language. Early LLM code benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Kai Xu , YiWei Mao , XinYi Guan , ZiLong Feng

Due to the advantages in the cost-efficiency and reproducibility, user simulation has become a promising solution to the user-centric evaluation of information retrieval systems. Nonetheless, accurately simulating user search behaviors has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Erhan Zhang , Xingzhu Wang , Peiyuan Gong , Yankai Lin , Jiaxin Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

The current state of modern web interfaces, especially in regards to accessibility focused usage is extremely lacking. Traditional methods for web interaction, such as scripting languages and screen readers, often lack the flexibility to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Trisanth Srinivasan , Santosh Patapati

Software robots have long been used in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) to automate mundane and repetitive computer tasks. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their advanced reasoning capabilities, these agents are now able…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Junhee Cho , Jihoon Kim , Daseul Bae , Jinho Choo , Youngjune Gwon , Yeong-Dae Kwon
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