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We present a semi-analytical binary black hole (BBH) metric approximation that models the entire evolution of the system from inspiral to merger. The metric is constructed as a boosted Kerr-Schild superposition following post-Newtonian (PN)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Luciano Combi , Sean M. Ressler

Black hole accretion is one of nature's most efficient energy extraction processes. When gas falls in, a significant fraction of its gravitational binding energy is either converted into radiation or flows outwards in the form of black…

Direct observations of compact objects, in the form of radiation spectra, gravitational waves from VIRGO/LIGO, and forthcoming direct imaging, are currently one of the primary source of information on the physics of plasmas in extreme…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-27 Fabio Bacchini , Bart Ripperda , Oliver Porth , Lorenzo Sironi

The concept of a new space very long baseline interferometry system named the Event Horizon Imager (EHI) has been proposed to dramatically improve black hole imaging and provide precise tests of the theory of general relativity. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-04 Anastasia Shlentsova , Freek Roelofs , Sara Issaoun , Jordy Davelaar , Heino Falcke

We describe results from a new technique for the prediction of complete, self-consistent X-ray spectra from three-dimensional General Relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of black hole accretion flows. Density and cooling…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-01 Brooks E. Kinch , Jeremy D. Schnittman , Timothy R. Kallman , Julian H. Krolik

The EHT observation revealed event horizon-scale images of the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87* and these results are consistent with the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. However, Kerr-like rotating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-10 Shafqat Ul Islam , Sushant G. Ghosh , Sunil D. Maharaj

We present a novel spectral solver for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics on dynamical spacetimes. By combining a high order discontinuous spectral method on mapped Chebyshev Fourier grids, our scheme attains exponential convergence.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-26 Beibei Li

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are thought to be located at the centers of most galactic nuclei. When galaxies merge they form supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) systems and these central SMBHs will also merge at later times,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-08 Kaitlyn Porter , Scott C. Noble , Eduardo M. Gutierrez , Joaquin Pelle , Manuela Campanelli , Jeremy Schnittman , Bernard J. Kelly

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), now with its first ever image of the photon ring around the supermassive black hole of M87, provides a unique opportunity to probe the physics of supermassive black holes through Very Long Baseline…

High-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) radio observations have resolved the detailed emission structures of active galactic nucleus jets. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations have improved the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-21 Taiki Ogihara , Takumi Ogawa , Kenji Toma

The 1.3 mm ground-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), is limited by the Earth's diameter and can image the supermassive black hole (SMBH) shadows of only M87* and Sgr A*. Extending the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-07 Shan-Shan Zhao , Ru-Sen Lu , Lei Liu , Zhiqiang Shen

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration has successfully produced images of two supermassive black holes, enabling novel tests of black holes and their accretion flows on horizon scales. The EHT has so far published total intensity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-27 Angelo Ricarte , Michael D. Johnson , Yuri Y. Kovalev , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Razieh Emami

This paper describes the development and testing of a general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) code to study ideal MHD in the fixed background of a Kerr black hole. The code is a direct extension of the hydrodynamic code of Hawley,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jean-Pierre De Villiers , John F. Hawley

Direct electromagnetic observation of the orbital motion of a sub-parsec, supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) would provide the first conclusive proof of such systems existing. Widely considered to be the sources of gravitational waves,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-13 B. Hudson , L. I. Gurvits , E. Mooij , A. Ricarte , D. Palumbo

X-ray reflection spectroscopy has evolved as one of the leading methods to measure black hole spins. However, the question is whether its measurements are subjected to systematic biases, especially considering the possible discrepancy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-23 Swarnim Shashank , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Honghui Liu , Abdurakhmon Nosirov , Cosimo Bambi , Indu K. Dihingia , Yosuke Mizuno

We present axisymmetric two-temperature general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic (GRRMHD) simulations of the inner region of the accretion flow onto the supermassive black hole M87. We address uncertainties from previous modeling…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-22 Benjamin R. Ryan , Sean M. Ressler , Joshua C. Dolence , Charles F. Gammie , Eliot Quataert

We present models of Galactic Center emission in the vicinity of Sagittarius A* that use parametrizations of the electron temperature or energy density. These models include those inspired by two-temperature general relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-12 Richard Anantua , Sean Ressler , Eliot Quataert

We present an overview of recent numerical advances in the theoretical characterization of massive binary black hole (MBBH) mergers in astrophysical environments. These systems are among the loudest sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-08 Federico Cattorini , Bruno Giacomazzo

The equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) have become the standard mathematical framework for modeling high-energy plasmas in curved spacetimes. However, the fragility of the primitive variable reconstruction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-31 Jonathan Gorard , James Juno , Ammar Hakim

We model non-thermal emission spectrum of the extremely sub-Eddington X-ray binary system A0620-00. It is believed that this non-thermal emission is produced by a radiatively inefficient "quiescent" accretion onto a stellar-mass black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Monika Moscibrodzka