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Biomarker discovery is vital in advancing personalized medicine, offering insights into disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy. Traditionally, the identification and validation of biomarkers heavily depend on extensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Wangyang Ying , Dongjie Wang , Xuanming Hu , Ji Qiu , Jin Park , Yanjie Fu

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medical imaging by enabling capabilities such as data synthesis, image enhancement, modality translation, and spatiotemporal modeling. This review presents a comprehensive and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Xuanru Zhou , Cheng Li , Shuqiang Wang , Ye Li , Tao Tan , Hairong Zheng , Shanshan Wang

Supervised learning is limited both by the quantity and quality of the labeled data. In the field of medical record tagging, writing styles between hospitals vary drastically. The knowledge learned from one hospital might not transfer well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Yuhui Zhang , Allen Nie , James Zou

Medical coding translates free-text clinical documentation into standardized codes drawn from classification systems that contain tens of thousands of entries and are updated annually. It is central to billing, clinical research, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Joakim Edin , Andreas Motzfeldt , Simon Flachs , Lars Maaløe

Clinical coding is an administrative process that involves the translation of diagnostic data from episodes of care into a standard code format such as ICD10. It has many critical applications such as billing and aetiology research. The…

The increasing administrative burden of medical documentation, particularly through Electronic Health Records (EHR), significantly reduces the time available for direct patient care and contributes to physician burnout. To address this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Hui Yi Leong , Yi Fan Gao , Shuai Ji , Bora Kalaycioglu , Uktu Pamuksuz

Data-driven medical AI is traditionally formulated as a discriminative mapping from input $X$ to output $Y$ via a learned function $f$, which does not generalize well across heterogeneous data and modalities encountered in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hantao Zhang , Weidong Guo , Yuhe Liu , Jiancheng Yang , Sathvik Bhagavan , Danli Shi , Mingda Xu , Pascal Fua

This review introduces the transformative potential of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foundation models, including large language models (LLMs), for health technology assessment (HTA). We explore their applications in four…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Rachael Fleurence , Jiang Bian , Xiaoyan Wang , Hua Xu , Dalia Dawoud , Mitch Higashi , Jagpreet Chhatwal

Comprehensive clinical documentation is crucial for effective healthcare delivery, yet it poses a significant burden on healthcare professionals, leading to burnout, increased medical errors, and compromised patient safety. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Anjanava Biswas , Wrick Talukdar

Automatic coding of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a multi-label text categorization task that involves extracting disease or procedure codes from clinical notes. Despite the application of state-of-the-art natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chang Lu , Chandan K. Reddy , Ping Wang , Yue Ning

Generative AI is rapidly transforming medical imaging and text analysis, offering immense potential for enhanced diagnosis and personalized care. However, this transformative technology raises crucial ethical, societal, and legal questions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Onyekachukwu R. Okonji , Kamol Yunusov , Bonnie Gordon

We present MEDCOD, a Medically-Accurate, Emotive, Diverse, and Controllable Dialog system with a unique approach to the natural language generator module. MEDCOD has been developed and evaluated specifically for the history taking task. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Rhys Compton , Ilya Valmianski , Li Deng , Costa Huang , Namit Katariya , Xavier Amatriain , Anitha Kannan

Medical coding converts free-text clinical notes into standardized diagnostic and procedural codes, which are essential for billing, hospital operations, and medical research. Unlike ordinary text classification, it requires multi-step…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiyang Zheng , Islam Nassar , Thanh Vu , Xu Zhong , Yang Lin , Tongliang Liu , Long Duong , Yuan-Fang Li

Using natural language processing (NLP) technologies to develop medical chatbots makes the diagnosis of the patient more convenient and efficient, which is a typical application in healthcare AI. Because of its importance, lots of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Ke Liang , Sifan Wu , Jiayi Gu

Although traditional statistical techniques and machine learning methods have contributed significantly to genetics and, in particular, inherited disease diagnosis, they often struggle with complex, high-dimensional data, a challenge now…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Anton Changalidis , Yury Barbitoff , Yulia Nasykhova , Andrey Glotov

Information extraction from textual documents such as hospital records and healthrelated user discussions has become a topic of intense interest. The task of medical concept coding is to map a variable length text to medical concepts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Elena Tutubalina , Zulfat Miftahutdinov

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), offer powerful capabilities for interpreting the complex data landscape in healthcare. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ankit Shetgaonkar , Dipen Pradhan , Lakshit Arora , Sanjay Surendranath Girija , Shashank Kapoor , Aman Raj

Automatic ICD coding is the task of assigning codes from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to medical notes. These codes describe the state of the patient and have multiple applications, e.g., computer-assisted diagnosis or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Damian Pascual , Sandro Luck , Roger Wattenhofer

Generative AI (GenAI) has revolutionized content generation, offering transformative capabilities for improving language coherence, readability, and overall quality. This manuscript explores the application of qualitative, quantitative, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Saman Sarraf

Prediction of medical codes from clinical notes is a practical and essential need for every healthcare delivery organization within current medical systems. Automating annotation will save significant time and excessive effort that human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Byung-Hak Kim