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Cheap-to-Build Very Large-Language Models (CtB-LLMs) with affordable training are emerging as the next big revolution in natural language processing and understanding. These CtB-LLMs are democratizing access to trainable Very Large-Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Leonardo Ranaldi , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Davide Venditti , Dario Onorati , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

Refusal behavior by Large Language Models is increasingly visible in content moderation, yet little is known about how refusals vary by the identity of the user making the request. This study investigates refusal as a sociotechnical outcome…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sha Luo , Sang Jung Kim , Zening Duan , Kaiping Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as Mistral and LLaMA have showcased remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their success, these models inherit social biases from the diverse datasets on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nirmalendu Prakash , Lee Ka Wei Roy

We evaluate large language models (LLMs) for automatic personality prediction from text under the binary Five Factor Model (BIG5). Five models -- including GPT-4 and lightweight open-source alternatives -- are tested across three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Francesco Di Cursi , Chiara Boldrini , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant biases in evaluation tasks, particularly in preferentially rating and favoring self-generated content. However, the extent to which this bias manifests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yen-Shan Chen , Jing Jin , Peng-Ting Kuo , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit position bias systematically underweighting information based on its location in the context but how this bias varies across languages and models remains unclear. We conduct a multilingual study across…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integral to information retrieval (IR), powering ranking, evaluation, and AI-assisted content creation. This widespread adoption necessitates a critical examination of potential biases arising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Krisztian Balog , Donald Metzler , Zhen Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a useful technology for job matching, for both candidates and employers. Job matching is often based on a particular geographic location, such as a city or region. However, LLMs have known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Charlie Campanella , Rob van der Goot

Large language models (LLMs) acquire beliefs about gender from training data and can therefore generate text with stereotypical gender attitudes. Prior studies have demonstrated model generations favor one gender or exhibit stereotypes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sharon Levy , William D. Adler , Tahilin Sanchez Karver , Mark Dredze , Michelle R. Kaufman

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly gained popularity and are being embedded into professional applications due to their capabilities in generating human-like content. However, unquestioned reliance on their outputs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Muneera Bano , Hashini Gunatilake , Rashina Hoda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as formidable instruments capable of comprehending and producing human-like text. This paper explores the potential of LLMs, to shape user perspectives and subsequently influence their decisions on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ganesh Prasath Ramani , Shirish Karande , Santhosh V , Yash Bhatia

The remarkable abilities of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 partially stem from post-training processes like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) involving human preferences encoded in a reward model. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Corby Rosset , Guoqing Zheng , Victor Dibia , Ahmed Awadallah , Paul Bennett

Attribution theory explains how individuals interpret and attribute others' behavior in a social context by employing personal (dispositional) and impersonal (situational) causality. Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on human-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hossein Salemi , Jitin Krishnan , Hemant Purohit

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) is transforming the peer review process, from assisting reviewers in writing detailed evaluations to generating entire reviews automatically. While these capabilities offer new opportunities,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sai Suresh Macharla Vasu , Ivaxi Sheth , Hui-Po Wang , Ruta Binkyte , Mario Fritz

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various domains raises concerns about societal inequalities and information bias. This study examines biases in LLMs related to background, gender, and age, with a focus on their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Willem Huijzer , Jieying Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have acquired ubiquitous attention for their performances across diverse domains. Our study here searches through LLMs' cognitive abilities and confidence dynamics. We dive deep into understanding the alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Aniket Kumar Singh , Suman Devkota , Bishal Lamichhane , Uttam Dhakal , Chandra Dhakal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in information retrieval tasks like passage ranking. Our research examines how instruction-following capabilities in LLMs interact with multi-document comparison tasks,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yaoyao Qian , Yifan Zeng , Yuchao Jiang , Chelsi Jain , Huazheng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of generating text that is similar to or surpasses human quality. However, it is unclear whether LLMs tend to exhibit distinctive linguistic styles akin to how human authors do. Through a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ariel Rosenfeld , Teddy Lazebnik

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents capable of actions with real-world impacts beyond text generation. While persona-induced biases in text generation are well documented, their effects on agent task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Linbo Cao , Lihao Sun , Yang Yue

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving from text generators to autonomous agents, raising urgent questions about their reliability in real-world contexts. Stress and anxiety are well known to bias human decision-making,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ziv Ben-Zion , Zohar Elyoseph , Tobias Spiller , Teddy Lazebnik