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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators for natural language generation, applying human-defined rubrics to assess system outputs. However, human rubrics are often static and misaligned with how models internally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Clemencia Siro , Pourya Aliannejadi , Mohammad Aliannejadi

As qualitative researchers show growing interest in using automated tools to support interpretive analysis, a large language model (LLM) is often introduced into an analytic workflow as is, without systematic evaluation of interpretive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Songhee Han , Jueun Shin , Jiyoon Han , Bung-Woo Jun , Hilal Ayan Karabatman

A growing variety of prompt engineering techniques has been proposed for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet systematic evaluation of each technique on individual software engineering (SE) tasks remains underexplored. In this study, we…

Temporal Reasoning (TR) is a critical ability for LLMs to understand and reason over temporal information and relationships between events. To study the TR ability in LLMs, prior works provide different ways for evaluating various aspects…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Weizhi Tang , Kwabena Nuamah , Vaishak Belle

Scaling test-time computation, or affording a generator large language model (LLM) extra compute during inference, typically employs the help of external non-generative evaluators (i.e., reward models). Concurrently, LLM-judges, models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yilun Zhou , Austin Xu , Peifeng Wang , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

The majority of research around Large Language Models (LLM) application to software development has been on the subject of code generation. There is little literature on LLMs' impact on requirements engineering (RE), which deals with the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Cory Hymel , Hiroe Johnson

Evaluation and ranking of large language models (LLMs) has become an important problem with the proliferation of these models and their impact. Evaluation methods either require human responses which are expensive to acquire or use pairs of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Amit Dhurandhar , Rahul Nair , Moninder Singh , Elizabeth Daly , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy

As Natural Language Generation (NLG) continues to be widely adopted, properly assessing it has become quite difficult. Lately, using large language models (LLMs) for evaluating these generations has gained traction, as they tend to align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Rajarshi Haldar , Julia Hockenmaier

LLMs (Large Language Models) are increasingly used in text processing pipelines to intelligently respond to a variety of inputs and generation tasks. This raises the possibility of replacing human roles that bottleneck existing information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kester Clegg , Richard Hawkins , Ibrahim Habli , Tom Lawton

[Context and Motivation] Online user feedback provides valuable information to support requirements engineering (RE). However, analyzing online user feedback is challenging due to its large volume and noise. Large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Manjeshwar Aniruddh Mallya , Alessio Ferrari , Mohammad Amin Zadenoori , Jacek Dąbrowski

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in biomedical relation extraction, even in zero-shot scenarios. However, evaluating LLMs in this task remains challenging due to their ability to generate human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Israt Jahan , Elham Dolatabadi , Chun Peng , Enamul Hoque , Jimmy Huang

Evaluation is fundamental in optimizing search experiences and supporting diverse user intents in Information Retrieval (IR). Traditional search evaluation methods primarily rely on relevance labels, which assess how well retrieved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Mouly Dewan , Jiqun Liu , Aditya Gautam , Chirag Shah

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in software engineering (SE) tools, powering applications such as code generation, automated code review, and bug triage. As these LLM-based AI for Software Engineering (AI4SE) systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Utku Boran Torun , Veli Karakaya , Ali Babar , Eray Tüzün

The use of large language models (LLMs) for relevance assessment in information retrieval has gained significant attention, with recent studies suggesting that LLM-based judgments provide comparable evaluations to human judgments. Notably,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Charles L. A. Clarke , Laura Dietz

New Large Language Models (LLMs) become available every few weeks, and modern application developers confronted with the unenviable task of having to decide if they should switch to a new model. While human evaluation remains the gold…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Suryaansh Jain , Umair Z. Ahmed , Shubham Sahai , Ben Leong

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have substantially improved the functional correctness of code translation, the critical dimension of \textit{execution efficiency} remains overlooked. We present \textbf{\textsc{trace}}, the first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhihao Gong , Zeyu Sun , Dong Huang , Qingyuan Liang , Jie M. Zhang , Dan Hao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have substantially improved the functional correctness of code translation, the critical dimension of \textit{execution efficiency} remains overlooked. We present \textbf{\textsc{trace}}, the first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhihao Gong , Zeyu Sun , Dong Huang , Qingyuan Liang , Jie M. Zhang , Dan Hao

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, reliable evaluation methods are essential particularly for open-ended, instruction-following tasks. LLM-as-a-Judge enables automatic evaluation using LLMs as evaluators, but its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yusuke Yamauchi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

With the rapid development of large language models (LLM), the evaluation of LLM becomes increasingly important. Measuring text generation tasks such as summarization and article creation is very difficult. Especially in specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Kaiqi Zhang , Shuai Yuan , Honghan Zhao