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Decision-making and motion planning constitute critical components for ensuring the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Existing methodologies typically adopt two paradigms: decision then planning or generation then scoring.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ruoyu Yao , Yubin Wang , Haichao Liu , Rui Yang , Zengqi Peng , Lei Zhu , Jun Ma

Current autonomous driving systems often favor end-to-end frameworks, which take sensor inputs like images and learn to map them into trajectory space via neural networks. Previous work has demonstrated that models can achieve better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zebin Xing , Pengxuan Yang , Linbo Wang , Yichen Zhang , Yiming Hu , Yupeng Zheng , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Guang Li , Kun Ma , Long Chen , Zhongpu Xia , Qichao Zhang , Hangjun Ye , Dongbin Zhao

Most recent work in autonomous driving has prioritized benchmark performance and methodological innovation over in-depth analysis of model failures, biases, and shortcut learning. This has led to incremental improvements without a deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Simon Gerstenecker , Andreas Geiger , Katrin Renz

The fusion of sensor data is essential for a robust perception of the environment in autonomous driving. Learning-based fusion approaches mainly use feature-level fusion to achieve high performance, but their complexity and hardware…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Timo Osterburg , Franz Albers , Christopher Diehl , Rajesh Pushparaj , Torsten Bertram

Humans are experts in making decisions for challenging driving tasks with uncertainties. Many efforts have been made to model the decision-making process of human drivers at the behavior level. However, limited studies explain how human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Huanjie Wang , Haibin Liu , Wenshuo Wang , Lijun Sun

Cooperatively utilizing both ego-vehicle and infrastructure sensor data via V2X communication has emerged as a promising approach for advanced autonomous driving. However, current research mainly focuses on improving individual modules,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Haibao Yu , Wenxian Yang , Jiaru Zhong , Zhenwei Yang , Siqi Fan , Ping Luo , Zaiqing Nie

Driving planning is a critical component of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving. However, prevailing Imitative E2E Planners often suffer from multimodal trajectory mode collapse, failing to produce diverse trajectory proposals. Meanwhile,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lin Liu , Caiyan Jia , Guanyi Yu , Ziying Song , JunQiao Li , Feiyang Jia , Peiliang Wu , Xiaoshuai Hao , Yadan Luo

In recent years, end-to-end autonomous driving has attracted increasing attention for its ability to jointly model perception, prediction, and planning within a unified framework. However, most existing approaches underutilize the online…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Huilin Yin , Yiming Kan , Daniel Watzenig

Autonomous vehicle software is typically structured as a modular pipeline of individual components (e.g., perception, prediction, and planning) to help separate concerns into interpretable sub-tasks. Even when end-to-end training is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Rowan McAllister , Blake Wulfe , Jean Mercat , Logan Ellis , Sergey Levine , Adrien Gaidon

Pedestrians' safety is a crucial factor in assessing autonomous driving scenarios. However, pedestrian safety evaluation is rarely considered by existing autonomous driving simulation platforms. This paper proposes a pedestrian safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lin Ma , Longrui Chen , Yan Zhang , Mengdi Chu , Wenjie Jiang , Jiahao Shen , Chuxuan Li , Yifeng Shi , Nairui Luo , Jirui Yuan , Guyue Zhou , Jiangtao Gong

Current end-to-end autonomous driving methods typically learn only from expert planning data collected from a single ego vehicle, severely limiting the diversity of learnable driving policies and scenarios. However, a critical yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Lin Liu , Caiyan Jia , Ziying Song , Hongyu Pan , Bencheng Liao , Wenchao Sun , Yongchang Zhang , Lei Yang , Yandan Luo

Soft sensing is a way to indirectly obtain information of signals for which direct sensing is difficult or prohibitively expensive. It may not \textit{a priori} be evident which sensors provide useful information about the target signal,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Le Wang , Ying Wang , Yu Qiu , Mian Li , Håkan Hjalmarsson

Safe and feasible trajectory planning is critical for real-world autonomous driving systems. However, existing learning-based planners rely heavily on expert demonstrations, which not only lack explicit safety awareness but also risk…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiaolong Tang , Meina Kan , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Autonomous racing has rapidly gained research attention. Traditionally, racing cars rely on 2D LiDAR as their primary visual system. In this work, we explore the integration of an event camera with the existing system to provide enhanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zhuyun Zhou , Zongwei Wu , Florian Bolli , Rémi Boutteau , Fan Yang , Radu Timofte , Dominique Ginhac , Tobi Delbruck

Trajectory prediction is one of the key components of the autonomous driving software stack. Accurate prediction for the future movement of surrounding traffic participants is an important prerequisite for ensuring the driving efficiency…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Wenbo Shao , Jun Li , Hong Wang

Recent research increasingly integrates machine learning (ML) into predictive maintenance (PdM) to reduce operational and maintenance costs in data-rich operational settings. However, uncertainty due to model misspecification continues to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhuojun Xie , Adam Abdin , Yiping Fang

Game-based interactive driving simulations have emerged as versatile platforms for advancing decision-making algorithms in road transport mobility. While these environments offer safe, scalable, and engaging settings for testing driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhihao Lin , Zhen Tian

Software metrics such as coverage and mutation scores have been extensively explored for the automated quality assessment of test suites. While traditional tools rely on such quantifiable software metrics, the field of self-driving cars…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Christian Birchler , Tanzil Kombarabettu Mohammed , Pooja Rani , Teodora Nechita , Timo Kehrer , Sebastiano Panichella

We present IndoorSim-to-OutdoorReal (I2O), an end-to-end learned visual navigation approach, trained solely in simulated short-range indoor environments, and demonstrates zero-shot sim-to-real transfer to the outdoors for long-range…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Joanne Truong , April Zitkovich , Sonia Chernova , Dhruv Batra , Tingnan Zhang , Jie Tan , Wenhao Yu

Despite over a decade of development, autonomous driving trajectory planning in complex urban environments continues to encounter significant challenges. These challenges include the difficulty in accommodating the multi-modal nature of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hongbiao Zhu , Liulong Ma , Xian Wu , Xin Deng , Xiaoyao Liang