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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing their private data. However, data heterogeneity across clients leads to client drift, which degrades the overall generalization performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alina Devkota , Jacob Thrasher , Donald Adjeroh , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna K. Gyawali

Federated learning enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn a global model by periodically aggregating the clients' models without transferring the local data. However, due to the heterogeneity of the system and data, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Dezhong Yao , Wanning Pan , Yutong Dai , Yao Wan , Xiaofeng Ding , Hai Jin , Zheng Xu , Lichao Sun

Domain Generalization (DG) seeks to train models that perform reliably on unseen target domains without access to target data during training. While recent progress in smoothing the loss landscape has improved generalization, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Sunny Gupta , Nikita Jangid , Shounak Das , Amit Sethi

The Federated Domain Generalization for Person re-identification (FedDG-ReID) aims to learn a global server model that can be effectively generalized to source and target domains through distributed source domain data. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xin Xu , Chaoyue Ren , Wei Liu , Wenke Huang , Bin Yang , Zhixi Yu , Kui Jiang

Federated Learning (FL) allows collaborative training while ensuring data privacy across distributed edge devices, making it a popular solution for privacy-sensitive applications. However, FL faces significant challenges due to statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Huy Q. Le , Latif U. Khan , Choong Seon Hong

Much of federated learning (FL) focuses on settings where local dataset statistics remain the same between training and testing. However, this assumption often does not hold in practice due to distribution shifts, motivating the development…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shahryar Zehtabi , Dong-Jun Han , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

The proliferation of edge devices has brought Federated Learning (FL) to the forefront as a promising paradigm for decentralized and collaborative model training while preserving the privacy of clients' data. However, FL struggles with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Mahdi Morafah , Matthias Reisser , Bill Lin , Christos Louizos

Source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) aims to adapt a well-trained source model to an unlabelled target domain without accessing the source dataset, making it applicable in a variety of real-world scenarios. Existing SFDA methods ONLY assess…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Longxiang Tang , Kai Li , Chunming He , Yulun Zhang , Xiu Li

Federated learning protects data privacy and security by exchanging models instead of data. However, unbalanced data distributions among participating clients compromise the accuracy and convergence speed of federated learning algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Qilong Wu , Lin Liu , Shibei Xue

Federated Learning (FL) enables a group of clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing individual data, but its performance drops when client data are heterogeneous. Clustered FL tackles this by grouping similar clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Anik Pramanik , Murat Kantarcioglu , Vincent Oria , Shantanu Sharma

Federated Learning (FL) deals with learning a central model (i.e. the server) in privacy-constrained scenarios, where data are stored on multiple devices (i.e. the clients). The central model has no direct access to the data, but only to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Debora Caldarola , Massimiliano Mancini , Fabio Galasso , Marco Ciccone , Emanuele Rodolà , Barbara Caputo

In this paper, we propose a novel approach, Federated Domain Generalization with Label Smoothing and Balanced Decentralized Training (FedSB), to address the challenges of data heterogeneity within a federated learning framework. FedSB…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Milad Soltany , Farhad Pourpanah , Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

Federated Learning (FL) shows promise in preserving privacy and enabling collaborative learning. However, most current solutions focus on private data collected from a single domain. A significant challenge arises when client data comes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Dung Thuy Nguyen , Taylor T. Johnson , Kevin Leach

Federated Learning (FL) faces significant challenges with domain shifts in heterogeneous data, degrading performance. Traditional domain generalization aims to learn domain-invariant features, but the federated nature of model averaging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Marc Bartholet , Taehyeon Kim , Ami Beuret , Se-Young Yun , Joachim M. Buhmann

Domain generalization (DG), aiming at models able to work on multiple unseen domains, is a must-have characteristic of general artificial intelligence. DG based on single source domain training data is more challenging due to the lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Qingyue Yang , Hongjing Niu , Pengfei Xia , Wei Zhang , Bin Li

Federated learning benefits from cross-training strategies, which enables models to train on data from distinct sources to improve generalization capability. However, due to inherent differences in data distributions, the optimization goals…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zhuang Qi , Lei Meng , Ruohan Zhang , Yu Wang , Xin Qi , Xiangxu Meng , Han Yu , Qiang Yang

Single Domain Generalization (SDG) aims to train models that maintain consistent performance across diverse scenarios using data from a single source. While latent diffusion models (LDMs) show promise for augmenting limited source data, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hao Li , Yubin Xiao , Ke Liang , Mengzhu Wang , Long Lan , Kenli Li , Xinwang Liu

Data heterogeneity across clients is one of the key challenges in Federated Learning (FL), which may slow down the global model convergence and even weaken global model performance. Most existing approaches tackle the heterogeneity by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jun Nie , Danyang Xiao , Lei Yang , Weigang Wu

Machine learning models are intrinsically vulnerable to domain shift between training and testing data, resulting in poor performance in novel domains. Domain generalization (DG) aims to overcome the problem by leveraging multiple source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Tingwei Wang , Da Li , Kaiyang Zhou , Tao Xiang , Yi-Zhe Song

As a mechanism for devices to update a global model without sharing data, federated learning bridges the tension between the need for data and respect for privacy. However, classic FL methods like Federated Averaging struggle with non-iid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Kavya Kopparapu , Eric Lin