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Audio large language models (LLMs) enable unified speech understanding and generation, but adapting them to linguistically complex and dialect-rich settings such as Arabic-English remains challenging. We present a controlled study of…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hunzalah Hassan Bhatti , Firoj Alam , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

In short video and live broadcasts, speech, singing voice, and background music often overlap and obscure each other. This complexity creates difficulties in structuring and recognizing the audio content, which may impair subsequent ASR and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Ye Bai , Chenxing Li , Hao Li , Yuanyuan Zhao , Xiaorui Wang

Recent Audio Large Language Models (AudioLLMs) exhibit a striking performance inversion: while excelling at complex reasoning tasks, they consistently underperform on fine-grained acoustic perception. We attribute this gap to a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Linhao Zhang , Yuhan Song , Aiwei Liu , Chuhan Wu , Sijun Zhang , Wei Jia , Yuan Liu , Houfeng Wang , Xiao Zhou

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in tasks involving audio perception and understanding, such as speech recognition and audio captioning. However, their reasoning capabilities - critical for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziyang Ma , Zhuo Chen , Yuping Wang , Eng Siong Chng , Xie Chen

Recent advancements in multimodal reasoning have largely overlooked the audio modality. We introduce Audio-Reasoner, a large-scale audio language model for deep reasoning in audio tasks. We meticulously curated a large-scale and diverse…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhifei Xie , Mingbao Lin , Zihang Liu , Pengcheng Wu , Shuicheng Yan , Chunyan Miao

Evaluations of audio-language models (ALMs) -- multimodal models that take interleaved audio and text as input and output text -- are hindered by the lack of standardized benchmarks; most benchmarks measure only one or two capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tony Lee , Haoqin Tu , Chi Heem Wong , Zijun Wang , Siwei Yang , Yifan Mai , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie , Percy Liang

Multi-speaker automatic speech recognition (MS-ASR) faces significant challenges in transcribing overlapped speech, a task critical for applications like meeting transcription and conversational analysis. While serialized output training…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Yuke Lin , Ming Cheng , Ze Li , Beilong Tang , Ming Li

With advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs), which enhance large language models (LLMs) with auditory capabilities, these models are expected to demonstrate universal proficiency across various auditory tasks. While numerous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Chih-Kai Yang , Neo S. Ho , Hung-yi Lee

Advancements in spoken language processing have driven the development of spoken language models (SLMs), designed to achieve universal audio understanding by jointly learning text and audio representations for a wide range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Pedro Corrêa , João Lima , Victor Moreno , Lucas Ueda , Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa

Active speaker detection (ASD) systems are important modules for analyzing multi-talker conversations. They aim to detect which speakers or none are talking in a visual scene at any given time. Existing research on ASD does not agree on the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Abudukelimu Wuerkaixi , You Zhang , Zhiyao Duan , Changshui Zhang

Multimodal Audio-Language Models (ALMs) can understand and reason over both audio and text. Typically, reasoning performance correlates with model size, with the best results achieved by models exceeding 8 billion parameters. However, no…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Soham Deshmukh , Satvik Dixit , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Recent advances in speech synthesis and editing have made speech spoofing increasingly challenging. However, most existing methods treat spoofing as binary classification, overlooking that diverse spoofing techniques manipulate multiple,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xuenan Xu , Yiming Ren , Liwei Liu , Wen Wu , Baoxiang Li , Chaochao Lu , Shuai Wang , Chao Zhang

Audio-language models (ALMs) generate linguistic descriptions of sound-producing events and scenes. Advances in dataset creation and computational power have led to significant progress in this domain. This paper surveys 69 datasets used to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gijs Wijngaard , Elia Formisano , Michele Esposito , Michel Dumontier

In the era of large language models (LLMs) and artificial general intelligence (AGI), computer audition must evolve beyond traditional paradigms to fully leverage the capabilities of foundation models, towards more comprehensive…

Automated audio captioning (AAC), a task that mimics human perception as well as innovatively links audio processing and natural language processing, has overseen much progress over the last few years. AAC requires recognizing contents such…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Xuenan Xu , Zeyu Xie , Mengyue Wu , Kai Yu

We present a frontend for improving robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR), that jointly implements three modules within a single model: acoustic echo cancellation, speech enhancement, and speech separation. This is achieved by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-22 Tom O'Malley , Arun Narayanan , Quan Wang , Alex Park , James Walker , Nathan Howard

While Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have been shown to exhibit degraded instruction-following capabilities, their ability to infer task patterns from in-context examples under audio conditioning remains unstudied. To address this gap,…

Audio Large Language Models (AudioLLMs) have achieved strong results in semantic tasks like speech recognition and translation, but remain limited in modeling paralinguistic cues such as emotion. Existing approaches often treat emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wenyu Zhang , Yingxu He , Geyu Lin , Zhuohan Liu , Shuo Sun , Bin Wang , Xunlong Zou , Jeremy H. M. Wong , Qiongqiong Wang , Hardik B. Sailor , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Current speech evaluation suffers from two critical limitations: the need and difficulty of designing specialized systems targeting individual audio characteristics, and poor correlation between automatic evaluation methods and human…

Child speech differs from adult speech in acoustics, prosody, and language development, and disfluencies (repetitions, prolongations, blocks) further challenge Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and downstream Natural Language Processing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Chibuzor Okocha , Maya Bakri , Christan Grant