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Deep models trained with noisy labels are prone to over-fitting and struggle in generalization. Most existing solutions are based on an ideal assumption that the label noise is class-conditional, i.e., instances of the same class share the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Ganlong Zhao , Guanbin Li , Yipeng Qin , Feng Liu , Yizhou Yu

Deep learning algorithms can fare poorly when the training dataset suffers from heavy class-imbalance but the testing criterion requires good generalization on less frequent classes. We design two novel methods to improve performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Kaidi Cao , Colin Wei , Adrien Gaidon , Nikos Arechiga , Tengyu Ma

Class-bias, that is class-wise performance disparities, is typically attributed to data imbalance and addressed through frequency-based resampling. However, we demonstrate that substantial bias persists even in perfectly balanced datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Pawel Pukowski , Venet Osmani

Clinical dataset labels are rarely certain as annotators disagree and confidence is not uniform across cases. Typical aggregation procedures, such as majority voting, obscure this variability. In simple experiments on medical imaging…

The robustness of supervised deep learning-based medical image classification is significantly undermined by label noise. Although several methods have been proposed to enhance classification performance in the presence of noisy labels,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Bidur Khanal , Tianhong Dai , Binod Bhattarai , Cristian Linte

Noisy labels are ubiquitous in real-world datasets, which poses a challenge for robustly training deep neural networks (DNNs) as DNNs usually have the high capacity to memorize the noisy labels. In this paper, we find that the test accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Pengfei Chen , Benben Liao , Guangyong Chen , Shengyu Zhang

Multilabel classification is an emergent data mining task with a broad range of real world applications. Learning from imbalanced multilabel data is being deeply studied latterly, and several resampling methods have been proposed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Francisco Charte , Antonio J. Rivera , María J. del Jesus , Francisco Herrera

Benchmarks shape scientific conclusions about model capabilities and steer model development. This creates a feedback loop: stronger benchmarks drive better models, and better models demand more discriminative benchmarks. Ensuring benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Arda Uzunoglu , Tianjian Li , Daniel Khashabi

In real-world applications, as data availability increases, obtaining labeled data for machine learning (ML) projects remains challenging due to the high costs and intensive efforts required for data annotation. Many ML projects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ismail Hakki Karaman , Gulser Koksal , Levent Eriskin , Salih Salihoglu

Safety-critical applications require machine learning models that output accurate and calibrated probabilities. While uncalibrated deep networks are known to make over-confident predictions, it is unclear how model confidence is impacted by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Yuan Zhao , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

In this study, we systematically investigate the impact of class imbalance on classification performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and compare frequently used methods to address the issue. Class imbalance is a common problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Mateusz Buda , Atsuto Maki , Maciej A. Mazurowski

In recent years Deep Neural Network-based systems are not only increasing in popularity but also receive growing user trust. However, due to the closed-world assumption of such systems, they cannot recognize samples from unknown classes and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Joanna Komorniczak , Pawel Ksieniewicz

The problem of class imbalance is extensive for focusing on numerous applications in the real world. In such a situation, nearly all of the examples are labeled as one class called majority class, while far fewer examples are labeled as the…

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge in classification tasks, where traditional approaches often lead to biased models and unreliable predictions. Undersampling and oversampling techniques have been commonly employed to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Matt Clifford , Jonathan Erskine , Alexander Hepburn , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Dario Garcia-Garcia

Class imbalance in real-world data poses a common bottleneck for machine learning tasks, since achieving good generalization on under-represented examples is often challenging. Mitigation strategies, such as under or oversampling the data…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-03 Emanuele Loffredo , Mauro Pastore , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

Recent state-of-the-art methods in imbalanced semi-supervised learning (SSL) rely on confidence-based pseudo-labeling with consistency regularization. To obtain high-quality pseudo-labels, a high confidence threshold is typically adopted.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Zhuoran Yu , Yin Li , Yong Jae Lee

Training models on highly unbalanced data is admitted to be a challenging task for machine learning algorithms. Current studies on deep learning mainly focus on data sets with balanced class labels or unbalanced data, but with massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Louis Marceau , Lingling Qiu , Nick Vandewiele , Eric Charton

In many real-world binary classification tasks (e.g. detection of certain objects from images), an available dataset is imbalanced, i.e., it has much less representatives of a one class (a minor class), than of another. Generally, accurate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-14 Evgeny Burnaev , Pavel Erofeev , Artem Papanov

Machine Learning (ML) models are being increasingly employed for credit risk evaluation, with their effectiveness largely hinging on the quality of the input data. In this paper we investigate the impact of several data quality issues,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Andrea Maurino

Machine learning (ML) models are only as good as the data they are trained on. But recent studies have found datasets widely used to train and evaluate ML models, e.g. ImageNet, to have pervasive labeling errors. Erroneous labels on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mononito Goswami , Vedant Sanil , Arjun Choudhry , Arvind Srinivasan , Chalisa Udompanyawit , Artur Dubrawski