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The utilisation of foundation models as smartphone assistants, termed app agents, is a critical research challenge. These agents aim to execute human instructions on smartphones by interpreting textual instructions and performing actions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Georgios Papoudakis , Thomas Coste , Zhihao Wu , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang , Kun Shao

We present MobileVLM, a competent multimodal vision language model (MMVLM) targeted to run on mobile devices. It is an amalgamation of a myriad of architectural designs and techniques that are mobile-oriented, which comprises a set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xiangxiang Chu , Limeng Qiao , Xinyang Lin , Shuang Xu , Yang Yang , Yiming Hu , Fei Wei , Xinyu Zhang , Bo Zhang , Xiaolin Wei , Chunhua Shen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled autonomous GUI agents that translate natural language instructions into executable screen coordinates. However, grounding performance degrades in high-resolution interfaces, where dense layouts and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruilin Yao , Shegnwu Xiong , Tianyu Zou , Shili Xiong , Yi Rong

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding visual content, yet their ability to predict where humans look on user interfaces remains unexplored. We present UIGaze, a study investigating how closely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Min Song , Yoonseong Lee , Yeonhu Seo

Modern automotive infotainment systems necessitate intelligent and adaptive solutions to manage frequent User Interface (UI) updates and diverse design variations. This work introduces a vision-language framework to facilitate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Benjamin Raphael Ernhofer , Daniil Prokhorov , Jannica Langner , Dominik Bollmann

In the rapidly evolving landscape of AI research and application, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a transformative force, adept at interpreting and integrating information from diverse modalities such as text,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Abdur Rahman , Rajat Chawla , Muskaan Kumar , Arkajit Datta , Adarsh Jha , Mukunda NS , Ishaan Bhola

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) utilizing extensive image-text paired data have demonstrated unprecedented image-text association capabilities, achieving remarkable results across various downstream tasks. A critical challenge is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zilun Zhang , Tiancheng Zhao , Yulong Guo , Jianwei Yin

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled the development of mobile agents that can understand visual inputs and follow user instructions, unlocking new possibilities for automating complex tasks on mobile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Ning Li , Xiangmou Qu , Jiamu Zhou , Jun Wang , Muning Wen , Kounianhua Du , Xingyu Lou , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), mobile agents have emerged as promising tools for phone automation, simulating human interactions on screens to accomplish complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shiquan Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Le Fang , Simon D'Alfonso , Hong Jia , Vassilis Kostakos

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) World Models (WMs) offer a promising path for improving mobile GUI agent performance at train- and inference-time. However, current approaches face a critical trade-off: text-based WMs sacrifice visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Woosung Koh , Sungjun Han , Segyu Lee , Se-Young Yun , Jamin Shin

Recent advances in foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have facilitated the development of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. By leveraging the…

Vision language models (VLMs) have advanced graphical user interface (GUI) task automation but still lag behind humans. We hypothesize this gap stems from missing core GUI knowledge, which existing training schemes (such as supervised fine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chenrui Shi , Zedong Yu , Zhi Gao , Ruining Feng , Enqi Liu , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia , Liuyu Xiang , Zhaofeng He , Qing Li

Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of mobile GUI agents powered by large language models (LLMs), which can autonomously execute diverse device-control tasks based on natural language instructions. The increasing accuracy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Guohong Liu , Jialei Ye , Jiacheng Liu , Yuanchun Li , Wei Liu , Pengzhi Gao , Jian Luan , Yunxin Liu

Mobile applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, making ensuring their quality an important activity. Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing is a quality assurance method that has frequently been used for mobile apps.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chenhui Cui , Tao Li , Junjie Wang , Chunyang Chen , Dave Towey , Rubing Huang

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents enable AI models to autonomously operate smartphones on behalf of users. However, most existing systems focus primarily on optimizing task accuracy and rely on cloud-hosted models for inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Runxi Huang , Liyu Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Xiaomin Ouyang

Modern mobile applications rely on hidden interactions--gestures without visual cues like long presses and swipes--to provide functionality without cluttering interfaces. While experienced users may discover these interactions through prior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Minkyu Kweon , Seokhyeon Park , Soohyun Lee , You Been Lee , Jeongmin Rhee , Jinwook Seo

User interface understanding with vision-language models (VLMs) has received much attention due to its potential for enhancing software automation. However, existing datasets used to build UI-VLMs either only contain large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hongxin Li , Jingfan Chen , Jingran Su , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

The importance of computational modeling of mobile user interfaces (UIs) is undeniable. However, these require a high-quality UI dataset. Existing datasets are often outdated, collected years ago, and are frequently noisy with mismatches in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Sidong Feng , Suyu Ma , Han Wang , David Kong , Chunyang Chen

People are spending an enormous amount of time on digital devices through graphical user interfaces (GUIs), e.g., computer or smartphone screens. Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can assist people in tasks like writing emails,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wenyi Hong , Weihan Wang , Qingsong Lv , Jiazheng Xu , Wenmeng Yu , Junhui Ji , Yan Wang , Zihan Wang , Yuxuan Zhang , Juanzi Li , Bin Xu , Yuxiao Dong , Ming Ding , Jie Tang

AI agents operating on user interfaces must understand how interfaces communicate state and feedback to act reliably. As a core communicative modality, animations are increasingly used in modern interfaces, serving critical functional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Chen Liang , Xirui Jiang , Naihao Deng , Eytan Adar , Anhong Guo