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Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a privacy solution for collaborative distributed learning where clients train AI models directly on their devices instead of sharing their data with a centralized (potentially adversarial) server.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Haleh Hayati , Carlos Murguia , Nathan van de Wouw

Gradient inversion attacks are often presented as a serious privacy threat in federated learning, with recent work reporting increasingly strong reconstructions under favorable experimental settings. However, it remains unclear whether such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Viktor Valadi , Mattias Åkesson , Johan Östman , Fazeleh Hoseini , Salman Toor , Andreas Hellander

This paper presents a holistic approach to gradient leakage resilient distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). First, we analyze two types of strategies for privacy-enhanced federated learning: (i) gradient pruning with random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu , Jingya Zhou , Ka-Ho Chow , Yanzhao Wu

The idea of federated learning is to collaboratively train a neural network on a server. Each user receives the current weights of the network and in turns sends parameter updates (gradients) based on local data. This protocol has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Jonas Geiping , Hartmut Bauermeister , Hannah Dröge , Michael Moeller

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it a promising approach for privacy-preserving machine learning in domains like Connected and Autonomous Vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Muhammad Ali Najjar , Ren-Yi Huang , Dumindu Samaraweera , Prashant Shekhar

Federated Unlearning (FU) has emerged as a critical compliance mechanism for data privacy regulations, requiring unlearned clients to provide verifiable Proof of Federated Unlearning (PoFU) to auditors upon data removal requests. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Fuyao Zhang , Wenjie Li , Yurong Hao , Xinyu Yan , Yang Cao , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across institutions without sharing raw data. However, gradient sharing still risks privacy leakage, such as gradient inversion attacks. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) can secure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaqi Xue , Mayank Kumar , Yuzhang Shang , Shangqian Gao , Rui Ning , Mengxin Zheng , Xiaoqian Jiang , Qian Lou

The privacy vulnerabilities of the federated learning (FL) paradigm, primarily caused by gradient leakage, have prompted the development of various defensive measures. Nonetheless, these solutions have predominantly been crafted for and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Abhinav Kumar , George Torres , Noah Guzinski , Gaurav Panwar , Reza Tourani , Satyajayant Misra , Marcin Spoczynski , Mona Vij , Nageen Himayat

Graph federated learning is of essential importance for training over large graph datasets while protecting data privacy, where each client stores a subset of local graph data, while the server collects the local gradients and broadcasts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Divya Anand Sinha , Ruijie Du , Yezi Liu , Athina Markopolou , Yanning Shen

Federated learning enables multiple, distributed participants (potentially on different clouds) to collaborate and train machine/deep learning models by sharing parameters/gradients. However, sharing gradients, instead of centralizing data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-02 K. R. Jayaram , Archit Verma , Ashish Verma , Gegi Thomas , Colin Sutcher-Shepard

Recent works have brought attention to the vulnerability of Federated Learning (FL) systems to gradient leakage attacks. Such attacks exploit clients' uploaded gradients to reconstruct their sensitive data, thereby compromising the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Xiaodan Li , Wenmeng Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) represents a significant advancement in distributed machine learning, enabling multiple participants to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data. This decentralized approach enhances privacy by keeping…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jaydip Sen , Hetvi Waghela , Sneha Rakshit

Federated learning (FL) empowers privacypreservation in model training by only exposing users' model gradients. Yet, FL users are susceptible to gradient inversion attacks (GIAs) which can reconstruct ground-truth training data such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Can Liu , Jin Wang , and Yipeng Zhou , Yachao Yuan , Quanzheng Sheng , Kejie Lu

Distributed quantum computing, particularly distributed quantum machine learning, has gained substantial prominence for its capacity to harness the collective power of distributed quantum resources, transcending the limitations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-10 Changhao Li , Niraj Kumar , Zhixin Song , Shouvanik Chakrabarti , Marco Pistoia

Federated learning (FL) faces challenges in ensuring both privacy and communication efficiency, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as Internet of Things (IoT) and edge networks. While sign-based methods, such as sign…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hyeong-Gun Joo , Songnam Hong , Seunghwan Lee , Dong-Joon Shin

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, Federated Learning (FL) model has been widely used in many industries for its high efficiency and confidentiality. Some researchers have explored its confidentiality and designed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Yaqiong Mu

Gradient inversion attacks reveal that private training text can be reconstructed from shared gradients, posing a privacy risk to large language models (LLMs). While prior methods perform well in small-batch settings, scaling to larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yibo Li , Qiongxiu Li

Federated learning based on homomorphic encryption has received widespread attention due to its high security and enhanced protection of user data privacy. However, the characteristics of encrypted computation lead to three challenging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yang Li , Chunhe Xia , Chang Li , Xiaojian Li , Tianbo Wang

Federated Split Learning (FSL) is a promising distributed learning paradigm in practice, which gathers the strengths of both Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) paradigms, to ensure model privacy while diminishing the resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yifan Shi , Yuhui Zhang , Ziyue Huang , Xiaofeng Yang , Li Shen , Wei Chen , Xueqian Wang

Along with the blooming of AI and Machine Learning-based applications and services, data privacy and security have become a critical challenge. Conventionally, data is collected and aggregated in a data centre on which machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nguyen Truong , Kai Sun , Siyao Wang , Florian Guitton , Yike Guo