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We present an end-to-end differentiable training method for retrieval-augmented open-domain question answering systems that combine information from multiple retrieved documents when generating answers. We model retrieval decisions as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Devendra Singh Sachan , Siva Reddy , William Hamilton , Chris Dyer , Dani Yogatama

Despite recent significant advancements in Handwritten Document Recognition (HDR), the efficient and accurate recognition of text against complex backgrounds, diverse handwriting styles, and varying document layouts remains a practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Wenhao Gu , Li Gu , Ziqiang Wang , Ching Yee Suen , Yang Wang

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) achieve remarkable performance in sequential decision-making but remain fragile to subtle environmental shifts, such as small changes in object pose. We attribute this brittleness to trajectory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zehua Zang , Xi Wang , Fuchun Sun , Xiao Xu , Lixiang Lium , Jiahuan Zhou , Jiangmeng Li

Scaling laws predict that the performance of large language models improves with increasing model size and data size. In practice, pre-training has been relying on massive web crawls, using almost all data sources publicly available on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Thao Nguyen , Yang Li , Olga Golovneva , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sewoong Oh , Ludwig Schmidt , Xian Li

Document Layout analysis (DLA), is the process by which a page is parsed into meaningful elements, often using machine learning models. Typically, the quality of a model is judged using general object detection metrics such as IoU, F1 or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jonathan Bourne , Mwiza Simbeye , Ishtar Govia

Important information that relates to a specific topic in a document is often organized in tabular format to assist readers with information retrieval and comparison, which may be difficult to provide in natural language. However, tabular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Xu Zhong , Elaheh ShafieiBavani , Antonio Jimeno Yepes

We present a novel iterative extraction model, IterX, for extracting complex relations, or templates (i.e., N-tuples representing a mapping from named slots to spans of text) within a document. Documents may feature zero or more instances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Yunmo Chen , William Gantt , Weiwei Gu , Tongfei Chen , Aaron Steven White , Benjamin Van Durme

Reinforcement learning improves the reasoning ability of large language models but remains costly and sample-inefficient, as many rollouts provide weak learning signals. Difficulty-aware data selection methods attempt to address this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yang Zhou , Can Jin , Zihan Dong , Zhepeng Wang , Yanting Yang , Shiyu Zhao , Lei Li , Runxue Bao , Yaochen Xie , Dimitris N. Metaxas

The automatic generation of radiology reports has emerged as a promising solution to reduce a time-consuming task and accurately capture critical disease-relevant findings in X-ray images. Previous approaches for radiology report generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Sang-Jun Park , Keun-Soo Heo , Dong-Hee Shin , Young-Han Son , Ji-Hye Oh , Tae-Eui Kam

Relevant information in documents is often summarized in tables, helping the reader to identify useful facts. Most benchmark datasets support either document layout analysis or table understanding, but lack in providing data to apply both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrea Gemelli , Emanuele Vivoli , Simone Marinai

The widespread use of charts and infographics as a means of data visualization in various domains has inspired recent research in automated chart understanding. However, information extraction from chart images is a complex multitasked…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Osama Mustafa , Muhammad Khizer Ali , Momina Moetesum , Imran Siddiqi

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in text comprehension and generation have revolutionized Information Extraction (IE). One such advancement is in Document-level Relation Triplet Extraction (DocRTE), a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yiheng Wu , Roman Yangarber , Xian Mao

Correctly parsing mathematical formulas from PDFs is critical for training large language models and building scientific knowledge bases from academic literature, yet existing benchmarks either exclude formulas entirely or lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Pius Horn , Janis Keuper

For many business applications that require the processing, indexing, and retrieval of professional documents such as legal briefs (in PDF format etc.), it is often essential to classify the pages of any given document into their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pavlos Fragkogiannis , Martina Forster , Grace E. Lee , Dell Zhang

Documents often contain complex physical structures, which make the Document Layout Analysis (DLA) task challenging. As a pre-processing step for content extraction, DLA has the potential to capture rich information in historical or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Shoubin Li , Xuyan Ma , Shuaiqun Pan , Jun Hu , Lin Shi , Qing Wang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks have shown significant promise in leveraging external knowledge to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional RAG methods often retrieve documents based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

LaTeX's precision and flexibility in typesetting have made it the gold standard for the preparation of scientific documentation. Large Language Models (LLMs) present a promising opportunity for researchers to produce publication-ready…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sahil Kale , Vijaykant Nadadur

Documents are core carriers of information and knowl-edge, with broad applications in finance, healthcare, and scientific research. Tables, as the main medium for structured data, encapsulate key information and are among the most critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xuan Li , Jialiang Dong , Raymond Wong

Document parsing is essential for analyzing complex document structures and extracting fine-grained information, supporting numerous downstream applications. However, existing methods often require integrating multiple independent models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Mingxu Chai , Ziyu Shen , Chong Zhang , Yue Zhang , Xiao Wang , Shihan Dou , Jihua Kang , Jiazheng Zhang , Qi Zhang

Question answering over visually rich documents (VRDs) requires reasoning not only over isolated content but also over documents' structural organization and cross-page dependencies. However, conventional retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhivar Sourati , Zheng Wang , Marianne Menglin Liu , Yazhe Hu , Mengqing Guo , Sujeeth Bharadwaj , Kyu Han , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Morteza Dehghani , Dan Roth