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Responding to the challenge of detecting unusual radar targets in a well identified environment, innovative anomaly and novelty detection methods keep emerging in the literature. This work aims at presenting a benchmark gathering common and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Martin Bauw , Santiago Velasco-Forero , Jesus Angulo , Claude Adnet , Olivier Airiau

Weakly supervised multimodal video anomaly detection has gained significant attention, yet the potential of the text modality remains under-explored. Text provides explicit semantic information that can enhance anomaly characterization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Shengyang Sun , Jiashen Hua , Junyi Feng , Xiaojin Gong

Visual anomaly detection (VAD) is crucial in many real-world fields, such as industrial inspection, medical imaging, infrastructure monitoring, and remote sensing. However, the specific anomaly definitions, data modalities, and annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xi Jiang , Yinjie Zhao , Zesheng Yang , Feng Zheng

This paper proposes a method for detecting anomalies in video data. A Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is used for reducing the dimensionality of video frames, generating latent space information that is comparable to low-dimensional sensory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Giulia Slavic , Damian Campo , Mohamad Baydoun , Pablo Marin , David Martin , Lucio Marcenaro , Carlo Regazzoni

As a classic vision task, anomaly detection has been widely applied in industrial inspection and medical imaging. In this task, data scarcity is often a frequently-faced issue. To solve it, the few-shot anomaly detection (FSAD) scheme is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jianghong Huang , Luping Ji , Weiwei Duan , Mao Ye

Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to identify abnormal samples in images that deviate from normal patterns, covering multiple domains, including industrial, logical, and medical fields. Due to the domain gaps between these fields,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhaopeng Gu , Bingke Zhu , Guibo Zhu , Yingying Chen , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

VAD is a critical field in machine learning focused on identifying deviations from normal patterns in images, often challenged by the scarcity of anomalous data and the need for unsupervised training. To accelerate research and deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Manuel Barusco , Francesco Borsatti , Arianna Stropeni , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection (ZSAD) seeks to identify anomalies from arbitrary novel categories, offering a scalable and annotation-efficient solution. Traditionally, most ZSAD works have been based on the CLIP model, which performs anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Jingyi Yuan , Jianxiong Ye , Wenkang Chen , Chenqiang Gao

Industrial anomaly detection based on RGB-3D multimodal data has emerged as a mainstream paradigm for intelligent quality inspection. However, existing unsupervised methods suffer from two critical limitations: ambiguous cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zewen Li , Shuo Ye , Zitong Yu , Weicheng Xie , Linlin Shen

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to locate events that deviate from normal patterns in videos. Traditional approaches often rely on extensive labeled data and incur high computational costs. Recent tuning-free methods based on Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Zhaolin Cai , Fan Li , Ziwei Zheng , Haixia Bi , Lijun He

With the increasing adoption of video anomaly detection in intelligent surveillance domains, conventional visual-based detection approaches often struggle with information insufficiency and high false-positive rates in complex environments.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Peng Wu , Wanshun Su , Guansong Pang , Yujia Sun , Qingsen Yan , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Few-shot anomaly detection (FSAD) methods identify anomalous regions with few known normal samples. Most existing methods rely on the generalization ability of pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to recognize potentially anomalous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuanting Fan , Jun Liu , Xiaochen Chen , Bin-Bin Gao , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Jinlong Peng , Chengjie Wang

Unsupervised learning from visual data is one of the most difficult challenges in computer vision, being a fundamental task for understanding how visual recognition works. From a practical point of view, learning from unsupervised visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Ioana Croitoru , Simion-Vlad Bogolin , Marius Leordeanu

The impressive achievements of generative models in creating high-quality videos have raised concerns about digital integrity and privacy vulnerabilities. Recent works of AI-generated content detection have been widely studied in the image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Qingyuan Liu , Yun-Yun Tsai , Ruijian Zha , Victoria Li , Pengyuan Shi , Chengzhi Mao , Junfeng Yang

Anomalies are samples that significantly deviate from the rest of the data and their detection plays a major role in building machine learning models that can be reliably used in applications such as data-driven design and novelty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-19 Amin Yousefpour , Mehdi Shishehbor , Zahra Zanjani Foumani , Ramin Bostanabad

Video Anomaly Understanding (VAU) extends traditional Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) by not only localizing anomalies but also describing and reasoning about their context. Existing VAU approaches often rely on fine-tuned multimodal large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Iñaki Erregue , Kamal Nasrollahi , Sergio Escalera

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit strong generalization capabilities, enabling them to recognize a wide range of objects across diverse domains without additional training. However, they often retain irrelevant information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Kodai Kawamura , Yuta Goto , Rintaro Yanagi , Hirokatsu Kataoka , Go Irie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework that unifies perception, reasoning, and control for robot manipulation by adapting pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) to action prediction. However, VLM-derived…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kyujin Lee , Injae Kim , Jihwan Park , Yejun Ju , Minseok Joo , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Detecting anomalous hazards in visual data, particularly in video streams, is a critical challenge in autonomous driving. Existing models often struggle with unpredictable, out-of-label hazards due to their reliance on predefined object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Shashank Shriram , Srinivasa Perisetla , Aryan Keskar , Harsha Krishnaswamy , Tonko Emil Westerhof Bossen , Andreas Møgelmose , Ross Greer

Anomaly activities such as robbery, explosion, accidents, etc. need immediate actions for preventing loss of human life and property in real world surveillance systems. Although the recent automation in surveillance systems are capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Snehashis Majhi , Srijan Das , Francois Bremond , Ratnakar Dash , Pankaj Kumar Sa