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Speech tokenizers are essential for connecting speech to large language models (LLMs) in multimodal systems. These tokenizers are expected to preserve both semantic and acoustic information for downstream understanding and generation.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Xuan Shi , Chang Zeng , Tiantian Feng , Shih-Heng Wang , Jianbo Ma , Shrikanth Narayanan

Discrete audio tokens have recently gained considerable attention for their potential to bridge audio and language processing, enabling multimodal language models that can both generate and understand audio. However, preserving key…

We present SoundStream, a novel neural audio codec that can efficiently compress speech, music and general audio at bitrates normally targeted by speech-tailored codecs. SoundStream relies on a model architecture composed by a fully…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Neil Zeghidour , Alejandro Luebs , Ahmed Omran , Jan Skoglund , Marco Tagliasacchi

Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenzhe Liu , Wei Xiao , Meng Wang , Shan Yang , Yupeng Shi , Yuyong Kang , Dan Su , Shidong Shang , Dong Yu

Neural audio codecs are foundational to speech language models. It is expected to have a low frame rate and decoupled semantic and acoustic information. A lower frame rate codec can reduce the computational cost of speech language models by…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing by leveraging audio codecs to discretize audio into tokens, enabling the application of language modeling techniques to speech data. However, existing audio codecs…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Edresson Casanova , Paarth Neekhara , Ryan Langman , Shehzeen Hussain , Subhankar Ghosh , Xuesong Yang , Ante Jukić , Jason Li , Boris Ginsburg

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has transformed speech processing, with benchmarks such as SUPERB establishing fair comparisons across diverse downstream tasks. Despite it's security-critical importance, Audio deepfake detection has remained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Hashim Ali , Nithin Sai Adupa , Surya Subramani , Hafiz Malik

Neural speech codecs excel in reconstructing clean speech signals; however, their efficacy in complex acoustic environments and downstream signal processing tasks remains underexplored. In this study, we introduce a novel benchmark named…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haoran Wang , Guanyu Chen , Bohan Li , Hankun Wang , Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Language model based text-to-speech (TTS) models, like VALL-E, have gained attention for their outstanding in-context learning capability in zero-shot scenarios. Neural speech codec is a critical component of these models, which can convert…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yong Ren , Tao Wang , Jiangyan Yi , Le Xu , Jianhua Tao , Chuyuan Zhang , Junzuo Zhou

In this paper, we propose a personalized neural speech codec, envisioning that personalization can reduce the model complexity or improve perceptual speech quality. Despite the common usage of speech codecs where only a single talker is…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Inseon Jang , Haici Yang , Wootaek Lim , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

The advent of neural audio codecs has increased in popularity due to their potential for efficiently modeling audio with transformers. Such advanced codecs represent audio from a highly continuous waveform to low-sampled discrete units. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Samir Sadok , Julien Hauret , Éric Bavu

Neural speech codecs have demonstrated their ability to compress high-quality speech and audio by converting them into discrete token representations. Most existing methods utilize Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) to encode speech into…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Peiji Yang , Fengping Wang , Yicheng Zhong , Huawei Wei , Zhisheng Wang

We introduce BANC, a neural binaural audio codec designed for efficient speech compression in single and two-speaker scenarios while preserving the spatial location information of each speaker. Our key contributions are as follows: 1) The…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Anton Ratnarajah , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Dong Yu

Noise robustness remains a critical challenge for deploying neural speech codecs in real-world acoustic scenarios where background noise is often inevitable. A key observation we make is that even slight input noise perturbations can cause…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Rui-Chen Zheng , Yang Ai , Hui-Peng Du , Li-Rong Dai

This paper introduces a novel neural network-based speech coding system that can process noisy speech effectively. The proposed source-aware neural audio coding (SANAC) system harmonizes a deep autoencoder-based source separation model and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Haici Yang , Kai Zhen , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

The recent advancement of end-to-end neural audio codecs enables compressing audio at very low bitrates while reconstructing the output audio with high fidelity. Nonetheless, such improvements often come at the cost of increased model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Sunghwan Ahn , Beom Jun Woo , Min Hyun Han , Chanyeong Moon , Nam Soo Kim

Neural audio codecs have significantly advanced audio compression by efficiently converting continuous audio signals into discrete tokens. These codecs preserve high-quality sound and enable sophisticated sound generation through generative…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xiaoyu Bie , Xubo Liu , Gaël Richard

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models have significantly advanced speech processing tasks, and several benchmarks have been proposed to validate their effectiveness. However, previous benchmarks have primarily focused on single-speaker…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junyi Peng , Takanori Ashihara , Marc Delcroix , Tsubasa Ochiai , Oldrich Plchot , Shoko Araki , Jan Černocký

Language models have been effectively applied to modeling natural signals, such as images, video, speech, and audio. A crucial component of these models is the codec tokenizer, which compresses high-dimensional natural signals into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Wen Wang , Yifu Chen , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Qian Yang , Xize Cheng , Zehan Wang , Ruiqi Li , Ziang Zhang , Xiaoda Yang , Rongjie Huang , Yidi Jiang , Qian Chen , Siqi Zheng , Zhou Zhao

Neural speech codecs have gained great attention for their outstanding reconstruction with discrete token representations. It is a crucial component in generative tasks such as speech coding and large language models (LLM). However, most…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Youqiang Zheng , Weiping Tu , Yueteng Kang , Jie Chen , Yike Zhang , Li Xiao , Yuhong Yang , Long Ma