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Optimal power flow (OPF) is the central optimization problem in electric power grids. Although solved routinely in the course of power grid operations, it is known to be strongly NP-hard in general, and weakly NP-hard over tree networks. In…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Michael Chertkov , Sidhant Misra , Marc Vuffray

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most important optimization problems in the energy industry. In its simplest form, OPF attempts to find the optimal power that the generators within the grid have to produce to satisfy a given demand.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-23 Damian Owerko , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) is computationally intensive for large-scale grids, often requiring prohibitive solution times with conventional solvers. Machine learning offers significant speedups, but existing models struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Olayiwola Arowolo , Jochen L. Cremer

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a critical optimization problem that allocates power to the generators in order to satisfy the demand at a minimum cost. Solving this problem exactly is computationally infeasible in the general case. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Damian Owerko , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in adopting deep neural networks (DNNs) for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in power systems. Computing optimal generation dispatch decisions using a trained DNN takes significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Yexiang Chen , Subhash Lakshminarayana , Carsten Maple , H. Vincent Poor

Power flow (PF) calculations are the backbone of real-time grid operations, across workflows such as contingency analysis (where repeated PF evaluations assess grid security under outages) and topology optimization (which involves PF-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ana K. Rivera , Anvita Bhagavathula , Alvaro Carbonero , Priya Donti

With the rise of renewable energy sources and their high variability in generation, the management of power grids becomes increasingly complex and computationally demanding. Conventional AC-power-flow simulations, which use the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Muhammed Öz , Jasmin Hörter , Kaleb Phipps , Charlotte Debus , Achim Streit , Markus Götz

Efficiently solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems in power systems is crucial for operational planning and grid management. There is a growing need for scalable algorithms capable of handling the increasing variability, constraints, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Fabien Bernier , Jun Cao , Maxime Cordy , Salah Ghamizi

Managing power grids with the increasing presence of variable renewable energy-based (distributed) generation involves solving high-dimensional optimization tasks at short intervals. Linearizing the AC power flow (PF) constraints is a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Yuhao Chen , Manish K. Singh

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a fundamental problem in power systems. It is computationally challenging and a recent line of research has proposed the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to find OPF approximations at vastly reduced runtimes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 My H. Dinh , Ferdinando Fioretto , Mostafa Mohammadian , Kyri Baker

Probabilistic power flow (PPF) analysis is critical to power system operation and planning. PPF aims at obtaining probabilistic descriptions of the state of the system with stochastic power injections (e.g., renewable power generation and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-23 Kejun Chen , Yu Zhang

Most power systems' approaches are currently tending towards stochastic and probabilistic methods due to the high variability of renewable sources and the stochastic nature of loads. Conventional power flow (PF) approaches such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Deepak Tiwari , Mehdi Jabbari Zideh , Veeru Talreja , Vishal Verma , Sarika K. Solanki , Jignesh Solanki

This paper introduces OptiGridML, a machine learning framework for discrete topology optimization in power grids. The task involves selecting substation breaker configurations that maximize cross-region power exports, a problem typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dekang Meng , Rabab Haider , Pascal van Hentenryck

In this paper, we propose a graph neural network architecture to solve the AC power flow problem under realistic constraints. To ensure a safe and resilient operation of distribution grids, AC power flow calculations are the means of choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Luis Böttcher , Hinrikus Wolf , Bastian Jung , Philipp Lutat , Marc Trageser , Oliver Pohl , Andreas Ulbig , Martin Grohe

Power flow analysis plays a crucial role in examining the electricity flow within a power system network. By performing power flow calculations, the system's steady-state variables, including voltage magnitude, phase angle at each bus,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li , Tianxia Zhao

The growing scale of power systems and the increasing uncertainty introduced by renewable energy sources necessitates novel optimization techniques that are significantly faster and more accurate than existing methods. The AC Optimal Power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Andrew Rosemberg , Michael Klamkin , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is a key building block in many power system applications. It determines generator setpoints at minimal cost that meet the power demands while satisfying the underlying physical and operational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-01 Minas Chatzos , Ferdinando Fioretto , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Deep learning for distribution grid optimization can be advocated as a promising solution for near-optimal yet timely inverter dispatch. The principle is to train a deep neural network (DNN) to predict the solutions of an optimal power flow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-09 Manish K. Singh , Sarthak Gupta , Vassilis Kekatos , Guido Cavraro , Andrey Bernstein

The dynamic response of power grids to small disturbances influences their overall stability. This paper examines the effect of network topology on the linearized time-invariant dynamics of electric power systems. The proposed framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Siddharth Bhela , Harsha Nagarajan , Deepjyoti Deka , Vassilis Kekatos

We present a massively parallel solver that accelerates DC loadflow computations for power grid topology optimization tasks. Our approach leverages low-rank updates of the Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDFs) to represent substation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-30 Nico Westerbeck , Joost van Dijk , Jan Viebahn , Christian Merz , Dirk Witthaut