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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown transformative potential in medical applications, yet their performance is hindered by conventional data curation strategies that rely on coarse-grained partitioning by modality or…

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) with high multilingual coverage is becoming increasingly important -- especially when monolingual resources are scarce. Recent studies have found that LLMs process multilingual inputs in shared concept…

Risk adjustment has become an increasingly important tool in healthcare. It has been extensively applied to payment adjustment for health plans to reflect the expected cost of providing coverage for members. Risk adjustment models are…

Deploying clinical ML is slow and brittle: models that work at one hospital often degrade under distribution shifts at the next. In this work, we study a simple question -- can large language models (LLMs) create portable patient embeddings…

Much of biomedical and healthcare data is encoded in discrete, symbolic form such as text and medical codes. There is a wealth of expert-curated biomedical domain knowledge stored in knowledge bases and ontologies, but the lack of reliable…

Cross-lingual alignment (CLA) aims to align multilingual representations, enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to seamlessly transfer knowledge across languages. While intuitive, we hypothesize, this pursuit of representational convergence…

Latent space models are widely used for analyzing high-dimensional discrete data matrices, such as patient-feature matrices in electronic health records (EHRs), by capturing complex dependence structures through low-dimensional embeddings.…

Language Models (LMs) encode substantial knowledge in their parameters, yet it remains unclear how to transfer such knowledge in a fine-grained manner, namely parametric knowledge transfer (PKT). A central challenge is to make cross-scale…

Pathology diagnosis based on EEG signals and decoding brain activity holds immense importance in understanding neurological disorders. With the advancement of artificial intelligence methods and machine learning techniques, the potential…

Digital technologies have long been explored as a complement to standard procedure in mental health research and practice, ranging from the management of electronic health records to app-based interventions. The recent emergence of large…

Question answering is a natural language understanding task that involves reasoning over both explicit context, and unstated relevant domain knowledge. Despite the high cost of training, large language models (LLMs) -- the backbone of most…

Domain-specific text embeddings are critical for clinical natural language processing, yet systematic comparisons across model architectures remain limited. This study evaluates ten transformer-based embedding models adapted for cardiology…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have great potential in the field of health care, yet they face great challenges in adapting to rapidly evolving medical knowledge. This can lead to outdated or contradictory treatment suggestions. This study…

Despite the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, deep learning has yet to achieve much success with tabular data due to heterogeneous feature space and limited sample sizes without viable transfer learning. The new era of generative AI,…

Extracting detailed clinical information from free-text medical narratives remains a practical challenge for researchers and healthcare systems. Terminology for immune-mediated and infectious diseases is especially inconsistent across…

Recently, transfer learning and self-supervised learning have gained significant attention within the medical field due to their ability to mitigate the challenges posed by limited data availability, improve model generalisation, and reduce…

The existing methods for evaluating the medical knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) are largely based on atemporal examination-style benchmarks, while in reality, medical knowledge is inherently dynamic and continuously evolves as new…

Contextual word embedding models, such as BioBERT and Bio_ClinicalBERT, have achieved state-of-the-art results in biomedical natural language processing tasks by focusing their pre-training process on domain-specific corpora. However, such…

Large Language Models (LLMs) constitute a breakthrough state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology which is rapidly evolving and promises to aid in medical diagnosis either by assisting doctors or by simulating a doctor's…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in medicine, with many studies adapting them through continued pre-training or fine-tuning on medical data to enhance domain-specific accuracy and safety. However, a key…