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Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous, thus it is important to understand their risks and limitations. Smaller LLMs can be deployed where compute resources are constrained, such as edge devices, but with different propensity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Berk Atil , Vipul Gupta , Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Spurred by the recent rapid increase in the development and distribution of large language models (LLMs) across industry and academia, much recent work has drawn attention to safety- and security-related threats and vulnerabilities of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Maximilian Mozes , Xuanli He , Bennett Kleinberg , Lewis D. Griffin

Many AI companies are training their large language models (LLMs) on data without the permission of the copyright owners. The permissibility of doing so varies by jurisdiction: in countries like the EU and Japan, this is allowed under…

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot have revolutionized automated code generation in software engineering. However, as these models are increasingly utilized for software development, concerns have arisen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Adrian Wood , Iqbal H. Sarker , Leandros Maglaras , Naeem Janjua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown their impressive capabilities, while also raising concerns about the data contamination problems due to privacy issues and leakage of benchmark datasets in the pre-training phase. Therefore, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhenhua Liu , Tong Zhu , Chuanyuan Tan , Haonan Lu , Bing Liu , Wenliang Chen

We present Copyright Detective, the first interactive forensic system for detecting, analyzing, and visualizing potential copyright risks in LLM outputs. The system treats copyright infringement versus compliance as an evidence discovery…

The utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) in analytical tasks is rooted in their vast pre-trained knowledge, which allows them to interpret ambiguous inputs and infer missing information. However, this same capability introduces a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Humam Kourani , Anton Antonov , Alessandro Berti , Wil M. P. van der Aalst

The exposure of large language models (LLMs) to copyrighted material during pre-training raises concerns about unintentional copyright infringement post deployment. This has driven the development of "copyright takedown" methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Jingyu Zhang , Jiacan Yu , Marc Marone , Benjamin Van Durme , Daniel Khashabi

Advancements in natural language generation (NLG) and large language models (LLMs) have led to proficient text generation in various tasks. However, integrating intricate constraints into neural text generation, due to LLMs' opacity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiang Chen , Xiaojun Wan

Despite the dramatic progress in Large Language Model (LLM) development, LLMs often provide seemingly plausible but not factual information, often referred to as hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented LLMs provide a non-parametric approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Sai Munikoti , Anurag Acharya , Sridevi Wagle , Sameera Horawalavithana

This paper presents a method to analyze the inference patterns used by Large Language Models (LLMs) for judgment in a case study on legal LLMs, so as to identify potential incorrect representations of the LLM, according to human domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Lu Chen , Yuxuan Huang , Yixing Li , Dongrui Liu , Qihan Ren , Shuai Zhao , Kun Kuang , Zilong Zheng , Quanshi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for automating programming tasks, including security-related ones. However, they can also introduce vulnerabilities during code generation, fail to detect existing vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Enna Basic , Alberto Giaretta

Copyright protection for large language models is of critical importance, given their substantial development costs, proprietary value, and potential for misuse. Existing surveys have predominantly focused on techniques for tracing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhenhua Xu , Xubin Yue , Zhebo Wang , Haobo Zhang , Qichen Liu , Xixiang Zhao , Jingxuan Zhang , Wenjun Zeng , Wengpeng Xing , Dezhang Kong , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Although large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed, the data used to train them is rarely disclosed. Given the incredible scale of this data, up to trillions of tokens, it is all but certain that it includes potentially problematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Weijia Shi , Anirudh Ajith , Mengzhou Xia , Yangsibo Huang , Daogao Liu , Terra Blevins , Danqi Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer

The current discourse on large language models (LLMs) and copyright largely takes a "behavioral" perspective, focusing on model outputs and evaluating whether they are substantially similar to training data. However, substantial similarity…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Maggie Wang , Ameya Godbole , Jonathan H. Choi , Robin Jia

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have brought public and scholarly attention to their potential in generating low-quality information. While widely acknowledged as a risk, low-quality information remains a vaguely defined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jiawei Zhou , Amy Z. Chen , Darshi Shah , Laura M. Schwab-Reese , Munmun De Choudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained considerable traction within the Software Engineering (SE) community, impacting various SE tasks from code completion to test generation, from program repair to code summarization. Despite their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 June Sallou , Thomas Durieux , Annibale Panichella

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in late 2022 has impacted academic writing, threatening credibility, and causing institutional uncertainty. We seek to determine the degree to which LLMs are used to generate critical text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Soren DeHaan , Yuanze Liu , Johan Bollen , Sa'ul A. Blanco

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) significantly boost their usage in software engineering. However, training a well-performing LLM demands a substantial workforce for data collection and annotation. Moreover, training datasets…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang , Pingchuan Ma , Chaowei Liu , Shuai Wang , Daoyuan Wu , Cuiyun Gao , Yang Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent in tasks related to cultural heritage, such as generating descriptions of historical monuments, translating ancient texts, preserving oral traditions, and creating educational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Fan Bu , Zheng Wang , Siyi Wang , Ziyao Liu