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Quantum error correction (QEC) is indispensable for scalable quantum computing, but implementing it with minimal hardware overhead remains a central challenge. Large spin systems with collective degrees of freedom offer a promising route to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Charlotte Franke , Dorian A. Gangloff

We study quantum networks with tree structures, in which information propagates from a root to leaves. At each node in the network, the received qubit unitarily interacts with fresh ancilla qubits, after which each qubit is sent through a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Shiv Akshar Yadavalli , Iman Marvian

Quantum error correction (QEC) is required for large-scale computation, but incurs a significant resource overhead. Recent advances have shown that by jointly decoding logical qubits in algorithms composed of transversal gates, the number…

We present a detailed description of an architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computation, which is based on the cluster model of encoded qubits. In this cluster-based architecture, concatenated computation is implemented in a quite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-30 Keisuke Fujii , Katsuji Yamamoto

Block-encoding is a critical subroutine in quantum computing, enabling the transformation of classical data into a matrix representation within a quantum circuit. The resource trade-offs in simulating a block-encoding can be quantified by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Zexian Li , Xiao-Ming Zhang , Chunlin Yang , Guofeng Zhang

Error mitigation schemes and error-correcting codes have been the center of much effort in quantum information processing research over the last few decades. While most of the successful proposed schemes for error mitigation are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Ido Kaplan , Muhammad Erew , Yonatan Piasetzky , Moshe Goldstein , Yaron Oz , Haim Suchowski

Quantum error correction (QEC) is a way to protect quantum information against noise. It consists of encoding input information into entangled quantum states known as the code space. Furthermore, to classify if the encoded information is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Pejman Jouzdani , H. Arslan Hashim , Eduardo R. Mucciolo

We explore a class of "open" quantum circuit models with local decoherence ("noise") and local projective measurements, each respecting a global Z_2 symmetry. The model supports a spin glass phase where the Z_2 symmetry is spontaneously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Yaodong Li , Matthew P. A. Fisher

We consider the problem of computing a binary linear transformation using unreliable components when all circuit components are unreliable. Two noise models of unreliable components are considered: probabilistic errors and permanent errors.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Yaoqing Yang , Pulkit Grover , Soummya Kar

We outline a quantum convolutional coding technique for protecting a stream of classical bits and qubits. Our goal is to provide a framework for designing codes that approach the ``grandfather'' capacity of an entanglement-assisted quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-20 Mark M. Wilde , Todd A. Brun

We describe a quantum error correction scheme aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. It is largely inspired by the theory of classical convolutional codes which are used in similar circumstances…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 H. Ollivier , J. -P. Tillich

A recently developed theory for eliminating decoherence and design constraints in quantum computers, ``encoded recoupling and decoupling'', is shown to be fully compatible with a promising proposal for an architecture enabling scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 D. A. Lidar , L. -A Wu

For a simple model of mutually interacting qubits it is shown how the errors induced by mutual interactions can be eliminated using concatenated coding. The model is solved exactly for arbitrary interaction strength, for two well-known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Julio Gea-Banacloche

Quantum error correction is vital for implementing universal quantum computing. A key component is the encoding circuit that maps a product state of physical qubits into the encoded multipartite entangled logical state. Known methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Xiaosi Xu , Simon C. Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

It is generally unclear whether smaller codes can be "concatenated" to systematically create quantum LDPC codes or their sparse subsystem code cousins where the degree of the Tanner graph remains bounded while increasing the code distance.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 ChunJun Cao , Brad Lackey

We introduce the concept of generalized concatenated quantum codes. This generalized concatenation method provides a systematical way for constructing good quantum codes, both stabilizer codes and nonadditive codes. Using this method, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-24 Markus Grassl , Peter Shor , Graeme Smith , John Smolin , Bei Zeng

A new approach to efficient quantum computation with probabilistic gates is proposed and analyzed in both a local and non-local setting. It combines heralded gates previously studied for atom or atom-like qubits with logical encoding from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Johannes Borregaard , Anders S. Sørensen , Ignacio Cirac , Mikhail D. Lukin

With the advent of physical qubits exhibiting strong noise bias, it becomes increasingly relevant to identify which quantum gates can be efficiently implemented on error-correcting codes designed to address a single dominant error type.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Victor Barizien , Hugo Jacinto , Nicolas Sangouard

Complex quantum circuits are constituted by combinations of quantum subroutines. The computation is possible as long as the quantum data encoding is consistent throughout the circuit. Despite its fundamental importance, the formalization of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Gabriele Agliardi , Enrico Prati

We introduce a cavity-enhanced optical architecture for collective quantum processing in which logical qubits are encoded in the polarization subspace of recirculating intracavity modes. The physical carrier and computational degree of…