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We present an empirical study on the use of continual learning (CL) methods in a reinforcement learning (RL) scenario, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described before. CL is a very active recent research topic concerned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth

Learning multiple tasks sequentially without forgetting previous knowledge, called Continual Learning(CL), remains a long-standing challenge for neural networks. Most existing methods rely on additional network capacity or data replay. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Hao Liu , Huaping Liu

In this paper, we focus on a long-term continual learning (CL) task, where a model learns sequentially from a stream of vast tasks over time, acquiring new knowledge while retaining previously learned information in a manner akin to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Yuxuan Cai , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Liang He

Continual Learning (CL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that aims to learn from a continuous stream of tasks without forgetting knowledge learned from the previous tasks. To avoid performance decrease caused by forgetting, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Soobee Lee , Minindu Weerakoon , Jonghyun Choi , Minjia Zhang , Di Wang , Myeongjae Jeon

Growing concerns surrounding AI safety and data privacy have driven the development of Machine Unlearning as a potential solution. However, current machine unlearning algorithms are designed to complement the offline training paradigm. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sayanta Adhikari , Vishnuprasadh Kumaravelu , P. K. Srijith

Learning a set of tasks over time, also known as continual learning (CL), is one of the most challenging problems in artificial intelligence. While recent approaches achieve some degree of CL in deep neural networks, they either (1) grow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Blake Camp , Jaya Krishna Mandivarapu , Rolando Estrada

Artificial intelligence systems in critical fields like autonomous driving and medical imaging analysis often continually learn new tasks using a shared stream of input data. For instance, after learning to detect traffic signs, a model may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hanchen David Wang , Siwoo Bae , Zirong Chen , Meiyi Ma

Most continual learning (CL) algorithms have focused on tackling the stability-plasticity dilemma, that is, the challenge of preventing the forgetting of previous tasks while learning new ones. However, they have overlooked the impact of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Donggyu Lee , Sangwon Jung , Taesup Moon

Data streams are rarely static in dynamic environments like Industry 4.0. Instead, they constantly change, making traditional offline models outdated unless they can quickly adjust to the new data. This need can be adequately addressed by…

Continual Learning (CL) investigates how to train Deep Networks on a stream of tasks without incurring forgetting. CL settings proposed in literature assume that every incoming example is paired with ground-truth annotations. However, this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-30 Matteo Boschini , Pietro Buzzega , Lorenzo Bonicelli , Angelo Porrello , Simone Calderara

Machine Learning models in real-world applications must continuously learn new tasks to adapt to shifts in the data-generating distribution. Yet, for Continual Learning (CL), models often struggle to balance learning new tasks (plasticity)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

In many real-life tasks of application of supervised learning approaches, all the training data are not available at the same time. The examples are lifelong image classification or recognition of environmental objects during interaction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Miltiadis Poursanidis , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Akka Zemmari , Boris Mansenca , Aymar de Rugy

Deep learning algorithms are known to experience destructive interference when instances violate the assumption of being independent and identically distributed (i.i.d). This violation, however, is ubiquitous in clinical settings where data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Dani Kiyasseh , Tingting Zhu , David A. Clifton

One of the objectives of continual learning is to prevent catastrophic forgetting in learning multiple tasks sequentially, and the existing solutions have been driven by the conceptualization of the plasticity-stability dilemma. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Seungyub Han , Yeongmo Kim , Taehyun Cho , Jungwoo Lee

General-purpose learning systems should improve themselves in open-ended fashion in ever-changing environments. Conventional learning algorithms for neural networks, however, suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF), i.e., previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kazuki Irie , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Advanced life forms, sustained by the synergistic interaction of neural cognitive mechanisms, continually acquire and transfer knowledge throughout their lifespan. In contrast, contemporary machine learning paradigms exhibit limitations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Biqing Qi , Xingquan Chen , Junqi Gao , Dong Li , Jianxing Liu , Ligang Wu , Bowen Zhou

In continual learning (CL), an AI agent (e.g., autonomous vehicles or robotics) learns from non-stationary data streams under dynamic environments. For the practical deployment of such applications, it is important to guarantee robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Minsu Kim , Walid Saad

In this paper, we consider a challenging but realistic continual learning (CL) problem, Few-Shot Continual Active Learning (FoCAL), where a CL agent is provided with unlabeled data for a new or a previously learned task in each increment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ali Ayub , Carter Fendley

Continual learning (CL) is a great endeavour in developing intelligent perception AI systems. However, the pioneer research has predominantly focus on single-task CL, which restricts the potential in multi-task and multimodal scenarios.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Bo Yuan , Danpei Zhao , Wentao Li , Tian Li , Zhiguo Jiang

Continual Learning (CL) poses a significant challenge in Artificial Intelligence, aiming to mirror the human ability to incrementally acquire knowledge and skills. While extensive research has focused on CL within the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Haotian Zhang , Junting Zhou , Haowei Lin , Hang Ye , Jianhua Zhu , Zihao Wang , Liangcai Gao , Yizhou Wang , Yitao Liang