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Real-time Spoken Language Models (SLMs) struggle to leverage Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning due to the prohibitive latency of generating the entire thought process sequentially. Enabling SLMs to think while speaking, similar to humans, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Donghang Wu , Haoyang Zhang , Jun Chen , Xiangyu , Zhang , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Gang Yu

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), has opened exciting possibilities for constructing computational simulations designed to replicate human behavior accurately. Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amir Taubenfeld , Yaniv Dover , Roi Reichart , Ariel Goldstein

To predict what someone will say is to model how they think. We study this through next-turn dialogue prediction: given a conversation, predict the next utterance produced by a person. We compare learning approaches along two dimensions:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Kanishk Gandhi , Agam Bhatia , Noah D. Goodman

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as agents that interact with users and with the world. To do so successfully, LLMs must construct representations of the world and form probabilistic beliefs about them. To provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Linlu Qiu , Fei Sha , Kelsey Allen , Yoon Kim , Tal Linzen , Sjoerd van Steenkiste

Can emergent language models faithfully model the intelligence of decision-making agents? Though modern language models exhibit already some reasoning ability, and theoretically can potentially express any probable distribution over tokens,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Josua Spisak , Jae Hee Lee , Stefan Wermter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as formidable instruments capable of comprehending and producing human-like text. This paper explores the potential of LLMs, to shape user perspectives and subsequently influence their decisions on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ganesh Prasath Ramani , Shirish Karande , Santhosh V , Yash Bhatia

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled role-playing language agents to demonstrate significant potential in various applications. However, relying solely on prompts and contextual inputs often proves insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Xiaoyu Zhan , Xinyu Fu , Hao Sun , Yuanqi Li , Jie Guo , Yanwen Guo

Theory of Mind (ToM)-the ability to reason about the mental states of oneself and others-is a cornerstone of human social intelligence. As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruirui Chen , Weifeng Jiang , Chengwei Qin , Cheston Tan

Research into the external behaviors and internal mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) has shown promise in addressing complex tasks in the physical world. Studies suggest that powerful LLMs, like GPT-4, are beginning to exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Miao Yu , Junyuan Mao , Guibin Zhang , Jingheng Ye , Junfeng Fang , Aoxiao Zhong , Yang Liu , Yuxuan Liang , Kun Wang , Qingsong Wen

Spoken dialogue systems increasingly employ large language models (LLMs) to leverage their advanced reasoning capabilities. However, direct application of LLMs in spoken communication often yield suboptimal results due to mismatches between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sang Hoon Woo , Sehun Lee , Kang-wook Kim , Gunhee Kim

Large language models (LLMs) offer emerging opportunities for psychological and behavioral research, but methodological guidance is lacking. This article provides a framework for using LLMs as psychological simulators across two primary…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhicheng Lin

To increase social bonding with interlocutors, humans naturally acquire the ability to respond appropriately in a given situation by considering which conversational skill is most suitable for the response - a process we call skill-of-mind.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Young-Jun Lee , Dokyong Lee , Junyoung Youn , Kyeongjin Oh , Ho-Jin Choi

Instructions-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) gained recently huge popularity thanks to their ability to interact with users through conversation. In this work we aim to evaluate their ability to complete multi-turn tasks and interact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Vojtěch Hudeček , Ondřej Dušek

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in simulating human behaviors and performing theory-of-mind (ToM) reasoning, a crucial skill for complex social interactions. In this study, we investigate the role of ToM reasoning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Neemesh Yadav , Palakorn Achananuparp , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim

As the performance of larger, newer Large Language Models continues to improve for strategic Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks, the demand for these state-of-the-art models increases commensurately. However, their deployment is costly both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Nunzio Lore , Sepehr Ilami , Babak Heydari

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in generating personalized content and facilitating interactive dialogues, showcasing their remarkable aptitude for a myriad of applications. However, their capabilities in reasoning and providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Min Zhang , Sato Takumi , Jack Zhang , Jun Wang

Reference-based Text-to-Speech (TTS) models can generate multiple, prosodically-different renditions of the same target text. Such models jointly learn a latent acoustic space during training, which can be sampled from during inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Atli Thor Sigurgeirsson , Simon King

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated amazing capabilities in language generation, text comprehension, and knowledge reasoning. While a single powerful model can already handle multiple tasks, relying on a single perspective can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zining Qin , Chenhao Wang , Huiling Qin , Weijia Jia

Theory of Mind (ToM) assesses whether models can infer hidden mental states such as beliefs, desires, and intentions, which is essential for natural social interaction. Although recent progress in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) has boosted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nanxu Gong , Haotian Li , Sixun Dong , Jianxun Lian , Yanjie Fu , Xing Xie

State-of-the-art text-to-speech (TTS) systems have utilized pretrained language models (PLMs) to enhance prosody and create more natural-sounding speech. However, while PLMs have been extensively researched for natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Marcel Granero-Moya , Penny Karanasou , Sri Karlapati , Bastian Schnell , Nicole Peinelt , Alexis Moinet , Thomas Drugman