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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized for mental health support; however, current safety benchmarks often fail to detect the complex, longitudinal risks inherent in therapeutic dialogue. We introduce an evaluation framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ian Steenstra , Paola Pedrelli , Weiyan Shi , Stacy Marsella , Timothy W. Bickmore

The ubiquity and widespread use of digital and online technologies have transformed mental health support, with online mental health communities (OMHCs) providing safe spaces for peer support. More recently, generative AI and large language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Koustuv Saha , Yoshee Jain , Violeta J. Rodriguez , Munmun De Choudhury

Real-time, intelligent, and natural speech interaction is an essential part of the next-generation human-computer interaction. Recent advancements have showcased the potential of building intelligent spoken chatbots based on large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Qingkai Fang , Yan Zhou , Shoutao Guo , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

As large language models (LLMs) advance, their inability to autonomously execute tasks by directly interacting with external tools remains a critical limitation. Traditional methods rely on inputting tool descriptions as context, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Renxi Wang , Xudong Han , Lei Ji , Shu Wang , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

The integration of AI chatbots into educational settings has opened new pathways for transforming teaching and learning, offering enhanced support to both educators and learners. This study investigates the design and application of an AI…

In this experiment, a model was devised, trained, and evaluated to automate psychotherapist/client text conversations through the use of state-of-the-art, Seq2Seq Transformer-based Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. Through training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Houjun Liu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a broad field that is upturning mental health care in many ways, from addressing anxiety, depression, and stress to increasing access, personalization of treatment, and real-time monitoring that enhances…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hari Mohan Pandey

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) increasingly gain traction in medical applications, clinicians are progressively expecting AI systems not only to generate textual diagnoses but also to produce corresponding medical images that integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Junjie Yang , Yuhao Yan , Gang Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Ruoyu Liang , Xinjie Jiang , Xiang Wan , Fenglei Fan , Yongquan Zhang , Feiwei Qin , Changmiao Wang

Despite the high prevalence and burden of mental health conditions, there is a global shortage of mental health providers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have been proposed as a way to address this shortage, by supporting providers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-09 William R. Kearns , Jessica Bertram , Myra Divina , Lauren Kemp , Yinzhou Wang , Alex Marin , Trevor Cohen , Weichao Yuwen

The fast growth of digital health systems has led to a need to better comprehend how they interpret and represent patient-reported symptoms. Chatbots have been used in healthcare to provide clinical support and enhance the user experience,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hamed Razavi

We introduce VERA-MH (Validation of Ethical and Responsible AI in Mental Health), an automated evaluation of the safety of AI chatbots used in mental health contexts, with an initial focus on suicide risk. Practicing clinicians and academic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Luca Belli , Kate H. Bentley , Will Alexander , Emily Ward , Matt Hawrilenko , Kelly Johnston , Mill Brown , Adam M. Chekroud

Recent advances in text-to-music models have enabled coherent music generation from text prompts, yet fine-grained emotional control remains unresolved. We introduce LARA-Gen, a framework for continuous emotion control that aligns the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiahao Mei , Xuenan Xu , Zeyu Xie , Zihao Zheng , Ye Tao , Yue Ding , Mengyue Wu

Emotional well-being significantly influences mental health and overall quality of life. As therapy chatbots become increasingly prevalent, their ability to comprehend and respond empathetically to users' emotions remains limited. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Farideh Majidi , Marzieh Bahrami

The rise of LLM-driven AI characters raises safety concerns, particularly for vulnerable human users with psychological disorders. To address these risks, we propose EmoAgent, a multi-agent AI framework designed to evaluate and mitigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jiahao Qiu , Yinghui He , Xinzhe Juan , Yimin Wang , Yuhan Liu , Zixin Yao , Yue Wu , Xun Jiang , Ling Yang , Mengdi Wang

Online health resources and large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as a first point of contact for medical decision-making, yet their reliability in healthcare remains limited by low accuracy, lack of transparency, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yujia Liu , Sophia Yu , Hongyue Jin , Jessica Wen , Alexander Qian , Terrence Lee , Mattheus Ramsis , Gi Won Choi , Lianhui Qin , Xin Liu , Edward J. Wang

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cyber security, intelligent chatbots are gaining prominence. Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing empower these chatbots to handle user inquiries and deliver threat…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Dincy R. Arikkat , Abhinav M. , Navya Binu , Parvathi M. , Navya Biju , K. S. Arunima , Vinod P. , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Mauro Conti

General-purpose conversational AI chatbots and AI companions increasingly provide young adolescents with emotionally supportive conversations, raising questions about how conversational style shapes anthropomorphism and emotional reliance.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Pilyoung Kim , Yun Xie , Sujin Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for language models significantly improves language understanding systems. The basic retrieval-then-read pipeline of response generation has evolved into a more extended process due to the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yunxiao Shi , Xing Zi , Zijing Shi , Haimin Zhang , Qiang Wu , Min Xu

In this paper, we present an end-to-end empathetic conversation agent CAiRE. Our system adapts TransferTransfo (Wolf et al., 2019) learning approach that fine-tunes a large-scale pre-trained language model with multi-task objectives:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Zhaojiang Lin , Peng Xu , Genta Indra Winata , Farhad Bin Siddique , Zihan Liu , Jamin Shin , Pascale Fung

Mental health issues significantly impact individuals' daily lives, yet many do not receive the help they need even with available online resources. This study aims to provide diverse, accessible, stigma-free, personalized, and real-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Qiming Guo , Jinwen Tang , Wenbo Sun , Haoteng Tang , Yi Shang , Wenlu Wang