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While deep neural net inference was considered a task for servers only, latest advances in technology allow the task of inference to be moved to mobile and embedded devices, desired for various reasons ranging from latency to privacy. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Yury Pisarchyk , Juhyun Lee

An accelerator is a specialized integrated circuit designed to perform specific computations faster than if those were performed by CPU or GPU. A Field-Programmable DNN learning and inference accelerator (FProg-DNN) using hybrid systolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Luiz M Franca-Neto

The success of DNN pruning has led to the development of energy-efficient inference accelerators that support pruned models with sparse weight and activation tensors. Because the memory layouts and dataflows in these architectures are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Dingqing Yang , Amin Ghasemazar , Xiaowei Ren , Maximilian Golub , Guy Lemieux , Mieszko Lis

Modern machine learning tools such as deep neural networks (DNNs) are playing a revolutionary role in many fields such as natural language processing, computer vision, and the internet of things. Once they are trained, deep learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Arjun Parthasarathy , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Deployment of real-time ML services on warehouse-scale infrastructures is on the increase. Therefore, decreasing latency and increasing throughput of deep neural network (DNN) inference applications that empower those services have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Seyed Morteza Nabavinejad , Masoumeh Ebrahimi , Sherief Reda

Attention accounts for an increasingly dominant fraction of total computation during inference for mixture-of-experts (MoE) models, making efficient acceleration critical. Emerging domain-specific accelerators for large model inference are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Chi Zhang , Luca Colagrande , Renzo Andri , Luca Benini

Tensor processing units (TPUs) are one of the most well-known machine learning (ML) accelerators utilized at large scale in data centers as well as in tiny ML applications. TPUs offer several improvements and advantages over conventional ML…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mohammed Elbtity , Peyton Chandarana , Ramtin Zand

Many edge devices employ Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to enhance their product intelligence. However, the increasing computation complexity poses challenges for performance, energy efficiency and product development time. In this paper,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Chao-Yang Kao , Huang-Chih Kuo , Jian-Wen Chen , Chiung-Liang Lin , Pin-Han Chen , Youn-Long Lin

Edge AI systems often operate under stringent energy and volume constraints that demand extreme efficiency under limited battery capacity, with requirements worsening as intelligent capability demands advance. Prior literature suggests that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Paul Chen , Jeongeun Kim , Wenbo Zhu , Yuanhan Li , Shunyao Huang , Chenjie Weng , Christopher Torng

Almost in every heavily computation-dependent application, from 6G communication systems to autonomous driving platforms, a large portion of computing should be near to the client side. Edge computing (AI at Edge) in mobile devices is one…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Seyed Nima Omidsajedi , Rekha Reddy , Jianming Yi , Jan Herbst , Christoph Lipps , Hans Dieter Schotten

Existing FPGA-based DNN accelerators typically fall into two design paradigms. Either they adopt a generic reusable architecture to support different DNN networks but leave some performance and efficiency on the table because of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Xiaofan Zhang , Hanchen Ye , Junsong Wang , Yonghua Lin , Jinjun Xiong , Wen-mei Hwu , Deming Chen

The inference of deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained embedded systems introduces non-trivial trade-offs among model accuracy, computational latency, and hardware limitations, particularly when real-time constraints must be…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 T. Baldi , D. Casini , A. Biondi

This paper presents a unified framework for codifying and automating optimization strategies to efficiently deploy deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained hardware, such as FPGAs, while maintaining high performance, accuracy,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhiqiang Que , Jose G. F. Coutinho , Ce Guo , Hongxiang Fan , Wayne Luk

Dataflow-based CNN accelerators on FPGAs achieve low latency and high throughput by mapping computations of each layer directly to corresponding hardware units. However, layers such as pooling and strided convolutions reduce the data at…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tobias Habermann , Martin Kumm

The rapid advancement of embedded multicore and many-core systems has revolutionized computing, enabling the development of high-performance, energy-efficient solutions for a wide range of applications. As models scale up in size, data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ruhai Lin , Rui-Jie Zhu , Jason K. Eshraghian

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to outperform conventional machine learning algorithms across a wide range of applications, e.g., image recognition, object detection, robotics, and natural language processing. However, the high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Ye Yu , Yingmin Li , Shuai Che , Niraj K. Jha , Weifeng Zhang

Distributed systems can be found in various applications, e.g., in robotics or autonomous driving, to achieve higher flexibility and robustness. Thereby, data flow centric applications such as Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference benefit…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Fabian Kreß , El Mahdi El Annabi , Tim Hotfilter , Julian Hoefer , Tanja Harbaum , Juergen Becker

FPGA accelerators for lightweight neural convolutional networks (LWCNNs) have recently attracted significant attention. Most existing LWCNN accelerators focus on single-Computing-Engine (CE) architecture with local optimization. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhiyuan Zhao , Yihao Chen , Pengcheng Feng , Jixing Li , Gang Chen , Rongxuan Shen , Huaxiang Lu

The continuous growth of big data applications with high computational and scalability demands has resulted in increasing popularity of cloud computing. Optimizing the performance and power consumption of cloud resources is therefore…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Sahand Salamat , Behnam Khaleghi , Mohsen Imani , Tajana Rosing

Since emerging edge applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) analytics and augmented reality have tight latency constraints, hardware AI accelerators have been recently proposed to speed up deep neural network (DNN) inference run by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Qianlin Liang , Walid A. Hanafy , Ahmed Ali-Eldin , Prashant Shenoy