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In the past two decades high-harmonic generation (HHG) has become a key process in ultra-fast science due to the extremely short time-structure of the underlying electron dynamics being imprinted in the emitted harmonic light bursts. After…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-01-25 Markus C. Kohler , Thomas Pfeifer , Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan , Christoph H. Keitel

Various interference effects are known to exist in the process of high harmonic generation (HHG) both at the single atom and macroscopic levels. In particular, the quantum path difference between the long and short trajectories of electron…

An analytic description of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids induced by intense low-frequency pulses is presented within an adiabatic approach, which treats laser-matter interactions nonperturbatively. We derive the analytical…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-01 A. V. Flegel , Liang-Wen Pi , M. V. Frolov

The strong-field process of high-harmonic generation (HHG) has, in recent years, been treated from a quantum optical perspective in the emerging research area of strong-field quantum optics. These investigations show that HHG radiation is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Christian Saugbjerg Lange , Lars Bojer Madsen

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) by hydrogenlike atoms/ions in the uniform periodic electric field, formed by the two linearly polarized counterpropagating laser beams of relativistic intensities, is studied. The relativistic quantum…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2011-06-14 H. K. Avetissian , A. G. Markossian , G. F. Mkrtchian

High harmonic generation (HHG) provides a flexible framework for the development of coherent light sources in the extreme-ultraviolet and soft x-ray regimes. However it suffers from low conversion efficiencies as the control of the HHG…

Optics · Physics 2014-09-16 Alberto Castro , Angel Rubio , E. K. U. Gross

We develop a numerical scheme to investigate the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in intense laser-matter interactions. Tracing the time evolution of every electronic laser-field-free state, we "observe" the HHG in a time-integrated…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2008-11-14 Y. J. Chen , J. Liu , Bambi Hu

We present theoretical studies of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) produced by non-homogeneous fields as resulting from the illumination of plasmonic nanostructures with a short laser pulse. We show that both the inhomogeneity of the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-04-27 M. F. Ciappina , J. Biegert , R. Quidant , M. Lewenstein

Recent advancements in ultrafast laser systems and high harmonic generation (HHG) techniques have enabled time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on femtosecond timescales, opening up unprecedented opportunities to explore quantum…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-11-03 Takeshi Suzuki , Kozo Okazaki

Accelerating and colliding particles has been a key strategy to explore the texture of matter. Strong lightwaves can control and recollide electronic wavepackets, generating high-harmonic (HH) radiation which encodes the structure and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-04-14 M. Hohenleutner , F. Langer , O. Schubert , M. Knorr , U. Huttner , S. W. Koch , M. Kira , R. Huber

We investigate the high harmonic generation (HHG) from solids by simulating the dynamics of a single active electron in periodic potentials. The corresponding time-dependent Schr\"odinger equations (TDSE) are solved numerically by using…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-03-31 Zhong Guan , Xiao-Xin Zhou , Xue-Bin Bian

High-order harmonic generation (HHG), a robust tabletop source for producing attosecond pulses, has been extensively utilized in attosecond metrology. Traditionally, HHG driven by classical laser fields involves two typical quantum paths…

We analytically describe the strong-field light-electron interaction using a quantized coherent laser state with arbitrary photon number. We obtain a light-electron wave function which is a closed-form solution of the time-dependent…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2017-03-20 I. A. Gonoskov , N. Tsatrafyllis , I. K. Kominis , P. Tzallas

High harmonic generation (HHG) from gas phase atoms (or molecules) has opened up a new frontier in ultrafast optics, where attosecond time resolution and Angstrom spatial resolution are accessible. The fundamental physical pictures of HHG…

Optics · Physics 2023-04-26 Liang Li , Pengfei Lan , Xiaosong Zhu , Peixiang Lu

We develop a general theory of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in solid-state systems, based on a weak-correlation expansion of photonic and matter degrees of freedom. Unlike standard HHG theories, which treat light-matter dynamics through…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Denis Ilin , Alexander S. Solntsev , Ivan Iorsh

We study high-order harmonic generation (HHG) resulting from the illumination of plasmonic nanostructures with a short laser pulse. We show that both the inhomogeneities of the local electric field and the confinement of the electron motion…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-04-27 M. F. Ciappina , Srdjan S. Acimovic , T. Shaaran , J. Biegert , R. Quidant , M. Lewenstein

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has typically been explored in transparent dielectrics and semiconductors. Metals have long been dismissed due to their strong reflectivity at infrared wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate HHG from…

High-harmonic generation is a light up-conversion process occurring in a strong laser field, leading to coherent bursts of extreme ultrashort broadband radiation [1]. As a new perspective, we propose that ultrafast strong-field electronic…

The atomic response to an ultra-intense driving field produces a characteristic high-harmonic spectrum featuring a rapid drop in intensity for the lower harmonics, followed by a plateau and a sharp cutoff. This response vanishes for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Lidija Petrovic , Philipp Stammer , Maciej Lewenstein , Javier Rivera-Dean

The multiphoton excitation and high harmonic generation (HHG) processes are considered using the microscopic quantum theory of nonlinear interaction of strong coherent electromagnetic (EM) radiation with rectangular graphene quantum dot…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-26 A G Ghazaryan , Kh V Sedrakian